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What is a Public Benefit Corporation under ONCA?

What is a Public Benefit Corporation under ONCA?

In Ontario, determining whether your corporation falls under the category of a public benefit corporation involves understanding specific criteria and implications under the Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act (ONCA). Let’s explore what defines a public benefit corporation, what obligations it entails, and how it differs from other types of corporations.

What is a Public Benefit Corporation?

A public benefit corporation under the ONCA is characterized by its commitment to serving public or charitable purposes. There are two primary criteria that define a corporation as a public benefit entity:

  1. Charitable Purposes: The corporation is incorporated with the primary goal of advancing education, relieving poverty, promoting religion, or supporting other charitable causes as defined in the ONCA.
  2. Financial Support: Alternatively, even if not primarily charitable, a corporation can qualify as a non-charitable public benefit corporation if it receives substantial financial support from external sources. Specifically, if it receives more than $10,000 in donations, gifts, or grants from non-members, directors, officers, employees, or governmental agencies within a financial year.

Determining Status

The determination of whether a corporation qualifies as a public benefit corporation is typically made at its first annual meeting in the subsequent financial year. This determination is crucial as it dictates the regulatory requirements and obligations the corporation must adhere to under the ONCA.

Additional Requirements for Public Benefit Corporations

Once identified as a public benefit corporation, certain specific rules and obligations apply:

  1. Director Composition: A public benefit corporation must ensure that no more than one-third of its directors are employees of the corporation or any of its affiliates. This rule aims to maintain independence and prevent conflicts of interest within the board.
  2. Financial Reporting: Public benefit corporations are subject to more stringent financial reporting requirements compared to other types of corporations. These requirements are designed to ensure transparency and accountability in financial management.
  3. Winding Up and Distributions: Public benefit corporations face different procedures and restrictions when winding up operations or distributing assets. These regulations are intended to safeguard the corporation’s assets and ensure they are used in accordance with their charitable or public benefit purposes.

Flexibility and Changes

It’s important to note that, except for charitable corporations, corporations in Ontario can switch between being public benefit and not-for-public benefit based on changing circumstances and compliance with the criteria set forth in the ONCA. This flexibility allows corporations to adapt their status as their operations and support structures evolve over time.

Understanding whether your corporation qualifies as a public benefit corporation is crucial for compliance with Ontario’s regulatory framework. By meeting the criteria laid out in the ONCA, your corporation can uphold its commitment to public service or charitable endeavors while navigating the additional responsibilities and obligations that come with this designation. Whether you’re starting a new corporation or considering a change in status, clarity on these distinctions ensures you operate within the legal framework that best suits your organizational goals and societal contributions.

Key Differences from Other Not-for-Profit Corporations

Public benefit corporations must follow stricter governance requirements than standard not-for-profit corporations.

The most significant difference involves board composition rules that limit employee representation.

Director Composition Rules:

  • Maximum one-third of directors can be employees
  • Applies to the corporation and its affiliates
  • Designed to prevent conflicts of interest
  • Maintains board independence

Financial reporting requirements are more stringent for public benefit corporations.

They must undergo enhanced financial reviews and maintain higher transparency standards than other not-for-profit entities.

Dissolution procedures also differ significantly.

When winding up operations, public benefit corporations face specific restrictions on asset distribution to ensure resources continue serving public purposes.

Criteria and Thresholds to Qualify

We determine public benefit corporation status using clear financial and purpose-based criteria.

Charitable corporations automatically qualify regardless of their funding sources or revenue levels.

Non-Charitable Corporation Thresholds:

  • Must receive more than $10,000 annually
  • Funding from non-members, non-directors, non-officers, or non-employees
  • Includes donations, gifts, and grants
  • Government funding also counts toward threshold

The $10,000 threshold applies to each financial year.

Corporations meeting this criteria in their first qualifying year make the determination at their next annual meeting.

Qualifying Revenue Sources:

  • Public donations and gifts
  • Foundation grants
  • Government funding and subsidies
  • Corporate sponsorships from external entities

Status can change based on annual funding levels.

Non-charitable corporations may move in and out of public benefit corporation classification as their external support fluctuates above or below the threshold.

Types of Public Benefit Corporations

Under ONCA, there are two distinct types of public benefit corporations.

One type includes organizations with charitable purposes, while the other covers non-charitable groups that receive significant external funding.

Charitable Public Benefit Corporations

Any corporation that operates for charitable purposes automatically qualifies as a public benefit corporation under ONCA.

We don’t need to meet any additional financial thresholds or requirements.

Charitable purposes include:

  • Advancing education
  • Relieving poverty
  • Promoting religion
  • Other causes recognized as charitable under Canadian law

Registered charities fall into this category by default.

These organizations receive their charitable status through Canada Revenue Agency registration and must follow both federal charity rules and ONCA requirements.

The charitable designation means we’re automatically subject to public benefit corporation rules.

This includes restrictions on director composition and enhanced financial reporting requirements.

We cannot change our status from charitable to non-charitable public benefit corporation.

Once we’re established with charitable purposes, we remain in this category throughout our existence.

Non-Charitable Public Benefit Corporations

Non-charitable corporations can become public benefit corporations based on their funding sources.

We qualify if we receive more than $10,000 in external support during a financial year.

Qualifying funding includes:

  • Donations from non-members
  • Gifts from external sources
  • Grants from government agencies
  • Financial support from foundations

We determine our status at the first annual meeting following each financial year.

If our external funding drops below $10,000, we may no longer qualify as a public benefit corporation.

This flexibility allows us to move between public benefit and regular not-for-profit status.

Our classification depends on our actual funding patterns rather than our original incorporation purposes.

We must track our funding sources carefully to determine our correct status each year.

Requirements and Compliance Obligations

Public benefit corporations must follow stricter rules than regular nonprofits.

These include specific board composition requirements and enhanced financial reporting standards.

Corporate Governance and By-Laws

PBCs face strict limits on employee representation on their boards.

Non-charitable PBCs cannot have more than one-third of directors who are employees or ex-officio directors.

Charitable PBCs have even tighter restrictions.

They cannot have any employee directors except in very limited situations that require court approval and consent from the Office of the Public Guardian and Trustee.

Our by-laws must reflect these governance requirements under ONCA.

We need to ensure our articles clearly state asset distribution rules upon dissolution.

Asset Distribution Requirements:

  • Charitable PBCs: Must distribute assets to registered charities with similar purposes, governments, or government agencies
  • Non-charitable PBCs: Must distribute assets to other PBCs with similar goals, governments, government agencies, or municipalities

We cannot distribute assets to members upon dissolution.

This restriction applies even if we were a PBC in any of the three previous financial years before closing.

Disclosure and Transparency

PBCs must maintain higher transparency standards than regular nonprofits.

We need to track our funding sources carefully to determine our PBC status each year.

Public funding includes grants, subsidies, and loans from federal, provincial, or municipal governments.

It also covers donations from non-members, non-directors, non-officers, and non-employees.

We must document these funding sources annually.

The $10,000 threshold applies to our previous financial year’s receipts from public sources.

Our status can change yearly if we’re not a charity.

We become a PBC at the next annual members’ meeting after crossing the threshold.

Filing and Reporting Responsibilities

PBCs must follow enhanced financial reporting requirements under ONCA.

We need to conduct financial audits or reviews when crossing the $10,000 threshold.

Our financial statements require more rigorous preparation and review processes.

These standards ensure proper accountability to the public and government funders.

We must file updated articles and by-laws that comply with PBC requirements.

Organizations incorporated before October 19, 2021 had until October 18, 2024 to update their governing documents.

Annual filings must reflect our current PBC status.

We need to report changes in funding levels that affect our classification as a public benefit corporation.

Financial Reporting and Records

Public benefit corporations face stricter financial reporting requirements than other non-profit corporations.

They must prepare comprehensive financial statements and provide broader access to corporate records.

Mandatory Financial Statements

Public benefit corporations must prepare audited financial statements annually.

These statements require review by an independent auditor licensed in Ontario.

The required financial statements include:

  • Statement of financial position
  • Statement of operations
  • Statement of changes in net assets
  • Statement of cash flows
  • Notes to the financial statements

We must file these audited statements with our annual return to the government.

The deadline is within 60 days of our annual meeting.

Smaller public benefit corporations may qualify for a review engagement instead of a full audit.

This applies when annual revenues are less than $500,000 and we meet other ONCA criteria.

The financial statements must follow Canadian accounting standards.

Most public benefit corporations use Accounting Standards for Not-for-Profit Organizations (ASNPO).

Access to Corporate Records

Members have enhanced rights to access corporate records compared to regular non-profit corporations.

We must make certain documents available for inspection during business hours.

Always accessible records include:

  • Articles and bylaws
  • Minutes of member meetings
  • Audited financial statements from the past six years
  • List of directors and officers

Members can examine these records at our registered office.

We cannot charge fees for basic inspection rights.

Additional records may be requested in writing.

These include accounting records, board meeting minutes, and member registers.

We have 21 days to respond to written requests.

We can refuse access if the request is not made in good faith or could harm the corporation’s interests.

Relationship with Registered Charities

All registered charities in Ontario automatically become public benefit corporations under ONCA, regardless of their funding levels.

These organizations face the strictest rules, including severe limits on employee directors and specific asset distribution requirements when dissolving.

Special Rules for Registered Charities

Registered charities face the most restrictive rules under ONCA as public benefit corporations.

We cannot have directors who are also employees except in very limited situations.

If we want an employee to serve as a director, we need a court order allowing this arrangement.

The Office of the Public Guardian and Trustee must also approve this court order.

This rule exists to prevent conflicts of interest.

It ensures that people who benefit financially from the charity don’t control its direction.

Asset distribution rules are also strict for charitable PBCs.

When we dissolve, we must distribute our assets to:

  • A registered charity with similar goals
  • A government
  • A government agency

We cannot distribute assets to our members under any circumstances.

This protects charitable assets for public benefit.

Transition and Compliance for Charities

Registered charities that incorporated before October 19, 2021, had until October 18, 2024, to update their governing documents.

We needed to review our bylaws and articles to ensure they follow ONCA rules.

Many existing bylaws may not comply with the new employee director restrictions.

We must update these documents to reflect the stricter standards.

If our current bylaws allow employee directors without court approval, we need to change them.

We also need to update asset distribution clauses if they don’t meet the new requirements.

Our charitable status means we’re always a PBC.

Unlike non-charitable organizations, we don’t move in and out of PBC status based on funding levels.

This provides certainty but requires ongoing compliance with the strictest rules.

Transitioning to ONCA as a Public Benefit Corporation

Organizations moving to ONCA face specific requirements and deadlines.

The transition involves updating key documents and following mandatory steps to maintain compliance.

Steps for Moving Under ONCA

The transition period for ONCA ended on October 18, 2024.

Organizations that missed this deadline must now act quickly to comply with the new regulations.

We need to file transition documents with the government.

These forms include our current by-laws and any required amendments.

This filing process keeps our organization operating legally under ONCA.

Key transition requirements include:

  • Filing transition forms within required timeframes
  • Paying applicable government fees
  • Confirming our public benefit corporation status
  • Meeting new director composition rules

Public benefit corporations must ensure no more than one-third of directors are employees.

This rule takes effect immediately upon transition.

We may need to adjust our board structure before filing.

The government decides our public benefit status based on our activities and funding.

Organizations receiving over $10,000 each year from external sources automatically qualify as public benefit corporations.

Updating Governance Documents

We must review our by-laws under ONCA.

The new act introduces different rules for meetings, voting, and director responsibilities.

We need to include these changes in our by-laws.

Essential by-law updates include:

  • Director qualifications – New independence requirements for public benefit corporations
  • Meeting procedures – Updated voting and notice requirements
  • Conflict of interest policies – Enhanced disclosure rules
  • Membership provisions – Revised member rights and obligations

We must align our by-laws with ONCA’s mandatory provisions.

Some previous by-law clauses may no longer be valid under the new act.

Our legal counsel should review all governance documents for compliance.

The Not-for-Profit Corporations Act requires specific language in certain by-law sections.

We cannot simply update existing clauses without ensuring they meet ONCA’s requirements.

Filing updated by-laws completes our transition process.

Once approved, we operate fully under ONCA’s public benefit corporation framework with all associated rights and responsibilities.

Conclusion

Understanding public benefit corporations under ONCA is essential for non-profit organizations in Ontario.

These corporations face specific rules about director composition, financial reporting, and asset distribution.

Whether your organization qualifies as a public benefit corporation depends on its charitable purposes or receiving more than $10,000 in external funding each year.

This classification brings both opportunities and obligations that require careful navigation.

We recommend consulting with experienced charity law professionals to ensure your organization meets all ONCA requirements.

At Northfield & Associates, we help non-profits understand their obligations and maintain compliance.

Get professional support today

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Frequently Asked Questions

Public benefit corporations under ONCA have specific rules about donations, directors, and charitable purposes.

Here are common questions about how these organizations work in Ontario.

What is a public benefit corporation in Ontario?

A public benefit corporation under ONCA is a nonprofit organization that serves public or charitable purposes.

These corporations fall into two main categories.

The first type includes charitable corporations.

These organizations focus on advancing education, relieving poverty, promoting religion, or supporting other charitable causes.

The second type covers non-charitable public benefit corporations.

These organizations receive more than $10,000 per year in donations, gifts, or grants from outside sources like non-members or government agencies.

What is the purpose of a public benefit corporation?

Public benefit corporations exist to serve the broader public good rather than private interests.

They work to advance charitable causes or provide services that benefit society.

These organizations must follow stricter rules than regular nonprofit corporations.

They face more requirements for financial reporting and board composition.

The purpose is to ensure transparency and accountability.

This helps protect public funds and donations that support these organizations.

What are PBC company examples?

Public benefit corporations in Ontario include registered charities like food banks and hospitals.

Educational institutions such as private schools and training centres also qualify.

Religious organizations that promote faith and community service fall under this category.

Environmental groups that receive significant donations work as public benefit corporations too.

Community centres and arts organizations often qualify when they receive substantial government grants or public donations.

Youth programs and senior services frequently operate as public benefit corporations.

What is an example of a public corporation?

A public corporation usually refers to government-owned entities or publicly-traded companies.

This differs from public benefit corporations under ONCA.

Examples include Crown corporations like Ontario Power Generation or TTC.

These organizations are owned by the government and serve public functions.

Publicly-traded companies like Canadian banks or telecommunications firms are also public corporations.

Their shares trade on stock exchanges and they report to shareholders.

What is the difference between a GOCC and a public corporation?

GOCC stands for Government-Owned and Controlled Corporation.

These are specific types of public corporations that governments create and control directly.

GOCCs operate under government oversight and serve specific public policy goals.

They often provide essential services like utilities or transportation.

Public corporations can include both GOCCs and publicly-traded companies.

The key difference is that GOCCs remain under government control while publicly-traded corporations have private shareholders.

What is another name for a public corporation?

People in Canada sometimes call public corporations “Crown corporations.” This term refers to entities owned by the government.

Publicly-traded companies may be called public companies. They are also known as listed companies.

These names describe corporations that sell shares to the public on stock exchanges.

Internationally, people use names like government enterprises or state-owned enterprises. In Ontario, people may also say public agencies or public bodies for government-controlled organizations.

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In this evolving economic landscape, collaboration with our firm offers clients a strategic advantage. With Cambodia’s reform-driven investment environment and Canada’s expanding footprint in Southeast Asia, our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors provides tailored guidance to help businesses navigate cross-border opportunities. We focus in developing comprehensive legal strategies, structuring international partnerships, and ensuring compliance in emerging markets.

By leveraging our regional insight and international expertise, you benefit from a trusted partner dedicated to helping you capitalize on growth potential in Cambodia and beyond.

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At Northfield & Associates are focus in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade missions, and cross-border legal strategy. Our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors offers tailored guidance and strategic insight to help you navigate the complexities of international partnerships and development opportunities.

Whether you choose to meet in person at one of our offices or connect virtually, we provide flexible and accessible consultation options. During your session, we’ll assess your goals, review key documentation, and guide you through every stage of your FDI or trade mission engagement.

Let us help you take the next step with confidence supported by trusted legal and strategic counsel every step of the way.

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If you believe you may be eligible for legal relief or simply need sound legal advice, we’re here to help. Contact us today to book your consultation. Let us provide the clarity, strategy, and peace of mind you need to move forward.

We serve our clients in English, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Mandarin and Cantonese, especially in Asian clients.

  • If you or anybody that you know, think that you meet the requirements and wish to receive further information.
  • We can help you start the application process and confirm eligibility requirements to participate.
  • We Offer Consultations & Meetings by Phone & Virtually. Affordable Fees.

Disclaimer:

The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

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Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global consulting firm serving private enterprises, public institutions, not-for-profit organizations, and institutional capital providers. Operating across Cambodia, Canada, and global markets, the firm supports capital deployment, regulatory navigation, and enterprise decision-making in complex economic and geopolitical environments. Northfield & Associates delivers customized, execution-focused advisory solutions that drive measurable transformation, strengthen competitiveness, and enhance long-term highest value opportunities. The firm incorporates consulting, legal, regulatory, financial, and risk expertise to enable disciplined capital allocation, strong governance, and operational resilience. Northfield & Associates upholds a culture of applied insight and innovation, supporting clients across digital transformation, growth strategy, and organizational capability building. The firm advises individual, leading global corporations, midsize enterprises, government agencies, and mission-driven organizations through long-term partnerships. Enterprise-wide risk management, professional ethics, and fiduciary standards are embedded across all operations. Northfield & Associates’ diverse, globally unified teams are committed to execution certainty and sustainable, risk-adjusted returns aligned with ESG and stakeholder objectives.

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This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

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How to Start a Private Foundation in Toronto, Ontario

How to Start a Private Foundation in Toronto, Ontario

Foundations, whether private or public, play a significant role in supporting charitable causes across Canada. If you’re considering starting a foundation in Toronto, Ontario, or anywhere else in Canada, understanding the process, responsibilities, and differences between private and public foundations is crucial. This guide will walk you through the key steps and considerations, as well as highlight the benefits of establishing either type of foundation.

What Is a Private and Public Foundation in Canada?

In Canada, both private and public foundations are registered charities that provide financial support to other charitable organizations. The main difference between the two lies in their funding sources and operational models:

  • Private Foundation: Typically funded by a single individual, family, or corporation. It is managed by a small group of trustees or directors, often family members, who control the distribution of funds. Private foundations usually do not engage in active fundraising or solicit donations from the public.
  • Public Foundation: Funded by a broader group of individuals, corporations, and other foundations. Public foundations actively raise funds and often have a more diverse board of directors. They are more involved in public fundraising campaigns and may support a wider range of charitable initiatives.

Both types of foundations are tax-exempt when registered with the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) and focus on supporting charitable causes either through grants or by conducting their own charitable activities.

How to Set Up a Public or Private Foundation in Canada?

Setting up a foundation in Canada lets you support causes you care about while getting tax benefits. The setup process is similar for both public and private foundations, but key differences affect your choice. Private foundations use your own money and give you more control. Public foundations collect donations from many sources and follow different rules.

Whether you’re setting up a private or public foundation, the process is similar, though certain elements will vary depending on the foundation type.

Determine the Legal Structure: Trust or Corporation

Foundations in Canada can be established either as a trust or a corporation. If setting up a trust, you will need to create a trust deed. If establishing a corporation, you will need to incorporate the foundation under provincial, territorial, or federal law. In Ontario, you would register your foundation under the Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act (ONCA).

Incorporation and Name Selection

Choosing a unique name is an important step in the process. If the name includes a person’s name, written consent from the individual or family may be required. To ensure that your chosen name is unique, you can request a NUANS (Newly Upgraded Automated Name Search) report, which checks for similar business names across Canada.

Apply for Charitable Status with the CRA

After incorporation, the next step is applying for charitable status with the CRA. This is a crucial step because it allows your foundation to be tax-exempt and issue tax receipts to donors. The application process involves submitting detailed documentation, including a description of the foundation’s activities, governance structure, and charitable purposes.

The CRA will determine whether your foundation qualifies as a private foundation, public foundation, or charitable organization based on factors such as funding sources, the relationship between directors or trustees, and the foundation’s operational goals. Public foundations must demonstrate a broader funding base and typically have more external directors than private foundations.

Board of Directors for Foundation

Both private and public foundations require a board of directors. In Ontario, at least three directors are required to incorporate a foundation. Each director must provide an original signature on the incorporation documents. Public foundations typically have a larger and more diverse board compared to private foundations, which are often family-run. Federally incorporated Private Foundations can suffice with just one director.

Apply for a Charitable Tax Number

Once your foundation is registered as a charity with the CRA, it can apply for a charitable tax number. This allows the foundation to issue tax receipts to donors, which can be a major incentive for contributions.

How Much Does It Cost to Start a Private or Public Foundation?

Starting a foundation in Canada involves some legal and administrative costs. If you choose to work with a lawyer expert in charity law, expect fees to range from $7,000 to $15,000 for comprehensive assistance throughout the setup process.

  • Incorporating a Foundation: Incorporation fees for a non-profit foundation (whether private or public) typically range between $2,000 and $3,000 in legal fees. Additionally, you’ll need to pay government filing fees, which can range between $200-$250, depending on which provincial (or federal) jurisdiction the Foundation is incorporating in. A typical foundation can be incorporated in as little as 1-3 business days.
  • Application for Charitable and Foundation Status: Applying for charitable and foundation registration can take 6-8 months, depending on the complexity of the foundation’s operations and the CRA’s review process. However, most Family and Private Foundations who are exclusively donating to other charities are registered within 3-4 months, on average.

What Are the Benefits of Starting a Foundation in Canada?

Both private and public foundations offer several advantages:

  1. Tax Benefits: Registered foundations are exempt from paying income tax in Canada. They can also issue tax receipts to donors, which provides significant tax relief through charitable tax credits.
  2. Philanthropic Legacy: Foundations, particularly private ones, offer families an opportunity to build a lasting legacy. They allow individuals or families to maintain control over how funds are distributed, ensuring that donations align with their philanthropic vision for generations to come.
  3. Control and Flexibility: Private foundations, in particular, offer control over decision-making and grant distribution. Public foundations, while more reliant on external donations, also benefit from having a wider reach and broader community support.
  4. Structured Giving: Foundations provide a structured and strategic approach to charitable giving. Whether through grants, scholarships, or direct donations to charities, foundations allow for more organized philanthropic efforts that align with long-term goals.

Is Starting a Private or Public Foundation Right for You?

Setting up a private or public foundation in Toronto can be a rewarding way to support charitable causes and leave a lasting philanthropic legacy. Both private and public foundations offer significant tax benefits, control over charitable giving, and the opportunity to make a lasting impact on communities and causes that matter most to you.

Before starting the process, it’s important to consult with experienced charity and not-for-profit lawyers to ensure that your foundation complies with all regulatory requirements and aligns with your charitable goals. Whether you’re setting up a private family foundation or a public foundation that reaches out to the wider community, the steps outlined above can help guide you through the process.

Set up a free call with our team

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Frequently Asked Questions

Get quick answers to common questions about setting up foundations in Canada.

What is the minimum amount to start a private foundation?

There’s no legal minimum amount required to start a private foundation in Canada. However, you should have enough funds to cover setup costs (typically $5,000-$15,000) plus ongoing operational expenses. Most experts recommend starting with at least $100,000 to make the foundation financially viable long-term.

How much does it cost to start a foundation in Canada?

Starting a foundation typically costs between $5,000 and $15,000. This includes legal fees for incorporation ($2,000-$8,000), application fees to Canada Revenue Agency, accounting setup, and initial administrative costs. Annual operating costs range from $3,000-$10,000 depending on the foundation’s size and activities.

What is the difference between a foundation and a private foundation?

A foundation is a general term for charitable organizations that distribute grants. A private foundation is a specific type funded primarily by one source (individual, family, or corporation) with more control over grant-making. Public foundations receive donations from multiple sources and have broader public involvement in their governance.

What is the alternative to a private foundation?

Main alternatives include donor-advised funds (simpler and cheaper to set up), charitable remainder trusts, direct giving to existing charities, or establishing a fund within a community foundation. Donor-advised funds offer similar tax benefits with less administrative burden and lower minimums.

What is the structure of a private foundation?

A private foundation operates as a non-profit corporation with a board of directors (minimum 3 members). The structure includes founding documents, bylaws, and policies for grant-making. The board oversees operations, approves grants, and ensures compliance with charitable regulations and annual disbursement requirements.

At Northfield & Associates our expert teams guidance on compliance requirements. Our team understands Canadian charity law and can help ensure your organisation follows proper procedures.

Get professional support today

to discuss your specific circumstances and receive expert assistance throughout the reinstatement process with our experienced legal team.

Contact To Action

Contact us today to schedule your consultation.

Contact us

Northfield & Associates

Advancing Global Partnerships, Together.

Working with Our Firm

In this evolving economic landscape, collaboration with our firm offers clients a strategic advantage. With Cambodia’s reform-driven investment environment and Canada’s expanding footprint in Southeast Asia, our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors provides tailored guidance to help businesses navigate cross-border opportunities. We focus in developing comprehensive legal strategies, structuring international partnerships, and ensuring compliance in emerging markets.

By leveraging our regional insight and international expertise, you benefit from a trusted partner dedicated to helping you capitalize on growth potential in Cambodia and beyond.

Book a Consultation with Northfield & Associates

Your Trusted Partner in International Bilateral Relations

At Northfield & Associates are focus in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade missions, and cross-border legal strategy. Our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors offers tailored guidance and strategic insight to help you navigate the complexities of international partnerships and development opportunities.

Whether you choose to meet in person at one of our offices or connect virtually, we provide flexible and accessible consultation options. During your session, we’ll assess your goals, review key documentation, and guide you through every stage of your FDI or trade mission engagement.

Let us help you take the next step with confidence supported by trusted legal and strategic counsel every step of the way.

Take the First Step Today

If you believe you may be eligible for legal relief or simply need sound legal advice, we’re here to help. Contact us today to book your consultation. Let us provide the clarity, strategy, and peace of mind you need to move forward.

We serve our clients in English, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Mandarin and Cantonese, especially in Asian clients.

  • If you or anybody that you know, think that you meet the requirements and wish to receive further information.
  • We can help you start the application process and confirm eligibility requirements to participate.
  • We Offer Consultations & Meetings by Phone & Virtually. Affordable Fees.

Disclaimer:

The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

Northfield & Associates

Advancing Global Partnerships, Together.

lear more

Book a Consultation Today

Contact Northfield & Associates today to schedule a FREE consultation with an experienced Consultant.

Book a call

Join the community of Northfield & Associates

Connect with peers and community ambassadors to hear real experiences, tips, and advice about studying abroad.

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About Northfield

Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global consulting firm serving private enterprises, public institutions, not-for-profit organizations, and institutional capital providers. Operating across Cambodia, Canada, and global markets, the firm supports capital deployment, regulatory navigation, and enterprise decision-making in complex economic and geopolitical environments. Northfield & Associates delivers customized, execution-focused advisory solutions that drive measurable transformation, strengthen competitiveness, and enhance long-term highest value opportunities. The firm incorporates consulting, legal, regulatory, financial, and risk expertise to enable disciplined capital allocation, strong governance, and operational resilience. Northfield & Associates upholds a culture of applied insight and innovation, supporting clients across digital transformation, growth strategy, and organizational capability building. The firm advises individual, leading global corporations, midsize enterprises, government agencies, and mission-driven organizations through long-term partnerships. Enterprise-wide risk management, professional ethics, and fiduciary standards are embedded across all operations. Northfield & Associates’ diverse, globally unified teams are committed to execution certainty and sustainable, risk-adjusted returns aligned with ESG and stakeholder objectives.

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains forward-looking information. All statements, other than statements of historic fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future constitute forward-looking information.

This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

Questions?

info@northfied.biz

Within Corporate Newsroom  

Media Contact:

media@northfied.biz

Press contact 

PR consultants
press@northfied.biz

NOT LEGAL ADVICE. Information made available on this website in any form is for information purposes only. It is not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. You should not rely on, or take or fail to take any action based upon this information. Never disregard professional legal advice or delay in seeking legal advice because of something you have read on this website. Northfield & Associates professionals will be pleased to discuss resolutions to specific legal concerns you may have.

Categories
Immigration Immigration info

Human Rights Advocates – Canada Doubles Resettlement Spaces for HRDs

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Canada stands as a staunch advocate for the protection and championing of human rights defenders (HRDs). Recognizing their indispensable role in promoting justice and equality, the country has made an unwavering commitment to support Human Rights Advocates globally. In line with this ministerial mandate commitment, Canada has recently announced a significant step forward: doubling its resettlement spaces for HRDs.

By increasing these spaces, Canada aims to provide refuge and safety to those who face threats, persecution, and harassment due to their courageous work on the front lines of defending fundamental freedoms. This commitment is not just limited to individual defenders; it extends to their family members as well. Through strategic partnerships with organizations like Front Line Defenders, Canada is determined to create a safer environment where HRDs can continue their vital work without fear.

This move by Canada showcases its dedication towards protecting human rights defenders and sends a strong message that their invaluable contributions will be supported and celebrated. It sets an inspiring precedent for other nations to follow suit in safeguarding those who bravely fight for justice and equality worldwide.

Canada’s Dedication to Protecting HRDs

In conclusion, Canada has demonstrated an unwavering commitment to protecting human rights defenders (HRDs) by doubling its resettlement spaces. This bold move not only showcases Canada’s role in global human rights protection but also sends a powerful message of solidarity and support to those risking their lives for justice and freedom. By providing safe haven through initiatives like the Refugee Stream Initiative, Canada is actively safeguarding HRDs at risk and making a tangible impact on their lives.

Now, it’s time for all of us to join hands in this crucial mission. As individuals, we can contribute by staying informed about human rights issues and advocating for the protection of HRDs. Share their stories, amplify their voices, and raise awareness about the challenges they face. Together, we can create a world where defending human rights doesn’t come at the cost of personal safety.

Contact us today to schedule your consultation.

Working with Our Firm

In this evolving economic landscape, collaboration with our firm offers clients a strategic advantage. With Cambodia’s reform-driven investment environment and Canada’s expanding footprint in Southeast Asia, our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors provides tailored guidance to help businesses navigate cross-border opportunities. We specialize in developing comprehensive legal strategies, structuring international partnerships, and ensuring compliance in emerging markets.

By leveraging our regional insight and international expertise, you benefit from a trusted partner dedicated to helping you capitalize on growth potential in Cambodia and beyond.

Book a Consultation with Northfield & Associates
Your Trusted Partner in International Bilateral Relations

At Northfield & Associates, we specialize in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade missions, and cross-border legal strategy. Our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors offers tailored guidance and strategic insight to help you navigate the complexities of international partnerships and development opportunities.

Whether you choose to meet in person at one of our offices or connect virtually, we provide flexible and accessible consultation options. During your session, we’ll assess your goals, review key documentation, and guide you through every stage of your FDI or trade mission engagement.

Let us help you take the next step with confidence supported by trusted legal and strategic counsel every step of the way.

Northfield & Associates
Advancing Global Partnerships, Together.

Take the First Step Today

If you believe you may be eligible for legal relief or simply need sound legal advice, we’re here to help. Contact us today to book your consultation. Let us provide the clarity, strategy, and peace of mind you need to move forward.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

We serve our clients in English, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Mandarin and Cantonese, especially in Asian clients.

  • If you or anybody that you know, think that you meet the requirements and wish to receive further information.
  • We can help you start the application process and confirm eligibility requirements to participate.
  • We Offer Consultations & Meetings by Phone & Virtually. Affordable Fees.
Book a Consultation Today
Contact Northfield & Associates today to schedule a consultation with an experienced Consultant.
Book a call with a Consultation
Join the community of Northfield & Associates
Connect with peers and community ambassadors to hear real experiences, tips, and advice about studying abroad.
Explore Northfield & Associates community

About Northfield

Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global strategic advisory and consulting firm partnering with private equity, sovereign, and institutional investors to deploy capital, manage regulatory, supporting senior leadership, boards, and capital providers across Cambodia, Canada, and international markets operating in complex regulatory, economic, and geopolitical environments, and drive enterprise value creation across complex global markets.

We advise boards, executives, entrepreneurs, and public-sector decision-makers on business strategy, institutional transformation, and high-stakes market challenges requiring disciplined judgment, capital efficiency, and execution certainty. Our work is concentrated across priority global sectors, including agribusiness, aviation and automotive, energy and natural resources, financial services, healthcare, infrastructure, real estate, immigration, education, and information technology.

Our platform integrates sector-specific intelligence with multidisciplinary advisory capabilities. Clients benefit from coordinated access to consulting, legal and regulatory counsel, financial management, risk assessment, real estate advisory, immigration, education, and technology expertise. This integrated model supports informed capital allocation, regulatory-compliant investment structuring, and execution-ready strategies designed to optimise returns, preserve downside protection, and enhance risk-adjusted performance.

Northfield combines consulting rigor with legal and regulatory judgment to support capital markets-aligned decision-making in complex, regulated, and rapidly evolving environments. We partner with private enterprises, institutional investors, family offices, and public-sector entities to structure, deploy, and manage capital effectively; strengthen governance; mitigate regulatory and geopolitical risk; and drive sustainable enterprise value creation.

Our engagements span strategy formulation, operational optimisation, organisational design, and change execution. We deliver measurable outcomes that improve financial performance, support disciplined growth, enhance valuation, and generate durable returns on investment for investors, shareholders, and institutional stakeholders. We operate with independence, precision, and accountability, aligned with long-term value creation and fiduciary standards.

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains forward-looking information. All statements, other than statements of historic fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future constitute forward-looking information.

This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

Questions?

info@northfied.biz

Within Corporate Newsroom  

Media Contact:

media@northfied.biz

Press contact 

PR consultants
press@northfied.biz

NOT LEGAL ADVICE. Information made available on this website in any form is for information purposes only. It is not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. You should not rely on, or take or fail to take any action based upon this information. Never disregard professional legal advice or delay in seeking legal advice because of something you have read on this website. Northfield & Associates professionals will be pleased to discuss resolutions to specific legal concerns you may have.

Categories
Immigration Immigration info

Canada’s Role in Global Human Rights Protection

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Canada has emerged as a global leader in actively safeguarding human rights, playing an essential role in addressing the challenges faced by individuals around the world. The country collaborates closely with other nations and works tirelessly through diplomatic channels to strengthen human rights protections on an international scale.

Addressing Global Human Rights Challenges

Canada recognizes that human rights are fundamental and strives to protect basic rights for all individuals. Through its engagement with the international community, Canada actively identifies and addresses pressing human rights challenges. By working alongside civil society organizations and international partners, Canada aims to promote and defend human rights globally.

One of the key ways Canada contributes is by providing resettlement spaces for human rights defenders who face persecution or danger in their home countries. Recently, Canada doubled its resettlement spaces specifically for these brave individuals, demonstrating its commitment to protecting those who fight for justice.

Collaboration with International Partners

Recognizing that no single country can address global human rights issues alone, Canada actively collaborates with governments and organizations worldwide. By leveraging partnerships, Canada strengthens its impact and amplifies efforts to protect basic freedoms universally.

Through these collaborations, Canada shares best practices, resources, and expertise in promoting human rights. It engages in dialogue with various countries to encourage policy changes that prioritize respect for human dignity. This collective approach fosters a stronger framework for protecting human rights globally.

Leading by Example

Canada’s commitment to upholding human rights extends beyond collaboration; it sets an example through domestic policies as well. By championing inclusivity, diversity, and equality within its borders, Canada showcases the importance of respecting individual liberties.

Moreover, Canadian institutions play a crucial role in promoting accountability and transparency at home. Independent bodies such as the Canadian Human Rights Commission ensure that citizens’ rights are protected within the country’s legal framework.

Impact on Governments Worldwide

Canada’s efforts have had a profound impact on governments around the world. By actively engaging with countries and advocating for human rights, Canada encourages governments to prioritize the well-being of their citizens. Through diplomatic channels, it urges nations to address human rights violations and enact reforms that protect basic freedoms.

Canada’s commitment to human rights also inspires other countries to follow suit. Its actions demonstrate that protecting human rights is not only a moral imperative but also essential for fostering stability, peace, and prosperity globally.

Contact us today to schedule your consultation.

Working with Our Firm

In this evolving economic landscape, collaboration with our firm offers clients a strategic advantage. With Cambodia’s reform-driven investment environment and Canada’s expanding footprint in Southeast Asia, our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors provides tailored guidance to help businesses navigate cross-border opportunities. We specialize in developing comprehensive legal strategies, structuring international partnerships, and ensuring compliance in emerging markets.

By leveraging our regional insight and international expertise, you benefit from a trusted partner dedicated to helping you capitalize on growth potential in Cambodia and beyond.

Book a Consultation with Northfield & Associates
Your Trusted Partner in International Bilateral Relations

At Northfield & Associates, we specialize in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade missions, and cross-border legal strategy. Our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors offers tailored guidance and strategic insight to help you navigate the complexities of international partnerships and development opportunities.

Whether you choose to meet in person at one of our offices or connect virtually, we provide flexible and accessible consultation options. During your session, we’ll assess your goals, review key documentation, and guide you through every stage of your FDI or trade mission engagement.

Let us help you take the next step with confidence supported by trusted legal and strategic counsel every step of the way.

Northfield & Associates
Advancing Global Partnerships, Together.

Take the First Step Today

If you believe you may be eligible for legal relief or simply need sound legal advice, we’re here to help. Contact us today to book your consultation. Let us provide the clarity, strategy, and peace of mind you need to move forward.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

We serve our clients in English, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Mandarin and Cantonese, especially in Asian clients.

  • If you or anybody that you know, think that you meet the requirements and wish to receive further information.
  • We can help you start the application process and confirm eligibility requirements to participate.
  • We Offer Consultations & Meetings by Phone & Virtually. Affordable Fees.
Book a Consultation Today
Contact Northfield & Associates today to schedule a consultation with an experienced Consultant.
Book a call with a Consultation
Join the community of Northfield & Associates
Connect with peers and community ambassadors to hear real experiences, tips, and advice about studying abroad.
Explore Northfield & Associates community

About Northfield

Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global strategic advisory and consulting firm partnering with private equity, sovereign, and institutional investors to deploy capital, manage regulatory, supporting senior leadership, boards, and capital providers across Cambodia, Canada, and international markets operating in complex regulatory, economic, and geopolitical environments, and drive enterprise value creation across complex global markets.

We advise boards, executives, entrepreneurs, and public-sector decision-makers on business strategy, institutional transformation, and high-stakes market challenges requiring disciplined judgment, capital efficiency, and execution certainty. Our work is concentrated across priority global sectors, including agribusiness, aviation and automotive, energy and natural resources, financial services, healthcare, infrastructure, real estate, immigration, education, and information technology.

Our platform integrates sector-specific intelligence with multidisciplinary advisory capabilities. Clients benefit from coordinated access to consulting, legal and regulatory counsel, financial management, risk assessment, real estate advisory, immigration, education, and technology expertise. This integrated model supports informed capital allocation, regulatory-compliant investment structuring, and execution-ready strategies designed to optimise returns, preserve downside protection, and enhance risk-adjusted performance.

Northfield combines consulting rigor with legal and regulatory judgment to support capital markets-aligned decision-making in complex, regulated, and rapidly evolving environments. We partner with private enterprises, institutional investors, family offices, and public-sector entities to structure, deploy, and manage capital effectively; strengthen governance; mitigate regulatory and geopolitical risk; and drive sustainable enterprise value creation.

Our engagements span strategy formulation, operational optimisation, organisational design, and change execution. We deliver measurable outcomes that improve financial performance, support disciplined growth, enhance valuation, and generate durable returns on investment for investors, shareholders, and institutional stakeholders. We operate with independence, precision, and accountability, aligned with long-term value creation and fiduciary standards.

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains forward-looking information. All statements, other than statements of historic fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future constitute forward-looking information.

This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

Questions?

info@northfied.biz

Within Corporate Newsroom  

Media Contact:

media@northfied.biz

Press contact 

PR consultants
press@northfied.biz

NOT LEGAL ADVICE. Information made available on this website in any form is for information purposes only. It is not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. You should not rely on, or take or fail to take any action based upon this information. Never disregard professional legal advice or delay in seeking legal advice because of something you have read on this website. Northfield & Associates professionals will be pleased to discuss resolutions to specific legal concerns you may have.

Categories
Northfield News

Finding Expert Legal Support for All Legal Family Matters: Tips From a Top Family Lawyer

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Understanding Family Law

Family law matters can be some of the most emotionally challenging and legally complex situations individuals face. Whether navigating a divorce, establishing decision-making responsibility arrangements, or addressing spousal and child support concerns, understanding the legal process can help individuals make informed decisions. If you are searching for a family lawyer, knowing your rights and legal options is essential to securing the best possible outcome for your case.

Why Legal Representation Matters in Family Law Cases

Seeking professional guidance from experienced family law attorneys can help streamline the legal process and ensure your rights are protected. At Northfield & Associates, our team of skilled family lawyers understands the complexities of Ontario’s legal system and works tirelessly to provide personalized solutions for our clients.

Key Considerations When Seeking a Family Lawyer

1. Finding a Family Law Lawyer that Specializes in Your Case

Not all family law cases are the same, and choosing an experienced family lawyer nearby who specializes in your specific situation is essential. Some cases require mediation and negotiation, while others may need strong courtroom advocacy. Working with skilled family law attorneys ensures that you receive the legal guidance you need.

2. Understanding Your Rights in a Divorce

Divorce can bring uncertainty, especially when it comes to property division, spousal support, and parenting agreements. Ontario law ensures fair treatment of all parties, but having legal insight into what constitutes an equitable settlement is key. Divorce lawyers can help you protect your assets and parental rights while ensuring that all agreements comply with Ontario’s legal framework.

3. Child Decision-Making Responsibility and Access: Prioritizing the Best Interests of the Child

When courts determine decision-making responsibility, they prioritize the best interests of the child. Factors such as parental involvement, emotional stability, and financial security play a role in these decisions. Seeking guidance from decision-making responsibility lawyers can help parents understand how to present their case effectively and work toward a fair resolution that prioritizes the well-being of their children.

4. Child and Spousal Support Obligations

Child support laws, and the rest of Canada, ensure that both parents contribute to their child’s upbringing, but calculating fair payments can be challenging. Similarly, spousal support laws in Ontario factor in income levels, caregiving responsibilities, and length of marriage. Child support lawyers can assist in ensuring that support arrangements are fair and enforceable under Ontario law.

5. Navigating Conflict Resolution in Family Law
Litigation may not always be the best route. Many family law disputes can be resolved through mediation, helping to maintain amicable relationships and reduce legal costs. Alternative dispute resolution strategies can lead to mutually beneficial agreements without lengthy court battles. Consulting with family law lawyer can help determine whether mediation or court representation is best suited for your case.

How Northfield & Associates Supports Families

At Northfield & Associates, we are dedicated to helping families navigate complex legal issues with clarity and confidence. Our approach combines legal expertise with a compassionate understanding of the sensitive nature of family law matters.

Our services include:

1. Legal Representation for Divorce Cases
2. Experienced Child Decision-Making Responsibility Lawyers
3. Spousal and Child Support Negotiation and Representation
4. Mediation and Alternative Dispute Resolution
5. Emergency Protection Orders and Domestic Violence Legal Support

We believe in empowering our clients by providing clear, actionable legal strategies tailored to their unique circumstances. Contact us today to discuss how our experienced family lawyers can assist with your case.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

We serve our clients in English, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Mandarin and Cantonese, especially in Asian clients.

  • If you or anybody that you know, think that you meet the requirements and wish to receive further information.
  • We can help you start the application process and confirm eligibility requirements to participate.
  • We Offer Consultations & Meetings by Phone & Virtually. Affordable Fees.

Book a Consultation Today

Contact Northfield & Associates today to schedule a consultation with an experienced Consultant.

Book a call with a Consultation

Join the community of Northfield & Associates

Connect with peers and community ambassadors to hear real experiences, tips, and advice about studying abroad.

Explore Northfield & Associates community

About Northfield

Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global strategic advisory and consulting firm partnering with private equity, sovereign, and institutional investors to deploy capital, manage regulatory, supporting senior leadership, boards, and capital providers across Cambodia, Canada, and international markets operating in complex regulatory, economic, and geopolitical environments, and drive enterprise value creation across complex global markets.

We advise boards, executives, entrepreneurs, and public-sector decision-makers on business strategy, institutional transformation, and high-stakes market challenges requiring disciplined judgment, capital efficiency, and execution certainty. Our work is concentrated across priority global sectors, including agribusiness, aviation and automotive, energy and natural resources, financial services, healthcare, infrastructure, real estate, immigration, education, and information technology.

Our platform integrates sector-specific intelligence with multidisciplinary advisory capabilities. Clients benefit from coordinated access to consulting, legal and regulatory counsel, financial management, risk assessment, real estate advisory, immigration, education, and technology expertise. This integrated model supports informed capital allocation, regulatory-compliant investment structuring, and execution-ready strategies designed to optimise returns, preserve downside protection, and enhance risk-adjusted performance.

Northfield combines consulting rigor with legal and regulatory judgment to support capital markets-aligned decision-making in complex, regulated, and rapidly evolving environments. We partner with private enterprises, institutional investors, family offices, and public-sector entities to structure, deploy, and manage capital effectively; strengthen governance; mitigate regulatory and geopolitical risk; and drive sustainable enterprise value creation.

Our engagements span strategy formulation, operational optimisation, organisational design, and change execution. We deliver measurable outcomes that improve financial performance, support disciplined growth, enhance valuation, and generate durable returns on investment for investors, shareholders, and institutional stakeholders. We operate with independence, precision, and accountability, aligned with long-term value creation and fiduciary standards.

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains forward-looking information. All statements, other than statements of historic fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future constitute forward-looking information.

This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

Questions?

info@northfied.biz

Within Corporate Newsroom  

Media Contact:

media@northfied.biz

Press contact 

PR consultants
press@northfied.biz

NOT LEGAL ADVICE. Information made available on this website in any form is for information purposes only. It is not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. You should not rely on, or take or fail to take any action based upon this information. Never disregard professional legal advice or delay in seeking legal advice because of something you have read on this website. Northfield & Associates professionals will be pleased to discuss resolutions to specific legal concerns you may have.

Categories
Immigration Immigration info Legal News

Separation Agreement – What is it & Why is it important?

Marriage is the process by which two people make their relationship public, official and permanent. It is the joining of two people in a bond that putatively lasts until death, but in practice is often cut short by separation or divorce.

If prior to getting married or living with someone, you did not have a Prenuptial Agreement, then it would be wise that when the relationship has broken down and you both go your separate ways, that you draft a Separation Agreement. This blog will explain what a Separation Agreement is, why is it important, what can be included in the Agreement and why you need it.

A Separation Agreement essentially is a contract where you identify the terms that you and your partner want to agree on.

The most important items that would be included in a Separation Agreement would be property and custody of children. If you own a home, then as per the Family Law rules, the home is to be split 50/50. If children are involved in the marriage or cohabitation it is very important to lay out the parenting schedule, who’s going to have primary custody or is it going to be a shared custody between both parents.

Other items to consider would be common assets and spousal support. Some assets have a lot of value and sometimes couples want to make sure that they share the value or one may want to buy the other person out. With regards to spousal support, both spouses and common law partners’ income are looked at in order to determine if there are any other Financial Entitlements.

Prior to drafting a Separation Agreement and starting negotiations, all finances need to be disclosed including bank accounts, loans, debts, lines of credit and notice of assessment for 3 years. It is also important that both partners disclose the same type of documentation so that your lawyer understands what they’re getting into prior to negotiations.

Depending on the facts of the case or circumstances of each client there are other things that need to be discussed and included in the Separation Agreement. What is very important to remember that most people often overlook, is that even though you and your partner separate amicably and you don’t want to get the courts and lawyers involved, it’s always a good idea to have a Separation Agreement which includes everything, so that you are covered for the future. As time goes on, people change, the amicable breakup may change as well, so it is very important that you have an agreement that you are both happy with and you can always go back to reference should a dispute ever arise.

When it comes to drafting a Separation Agreement it may take a while if things are not very straightforward. This depends on many factors including: the years of the relationship, if it has been a long marriage or if it has been a long cohabitation, assets, are children involved, is there some friction between both partners in terms of who has the children, who gets what and how much will be given in child or spousal support.

With this, comes a lot of correspondence between lawyers. When you hire a lawyer to prepare a Separation Agreement you will be advised as to everything you are entitled to. Be prepared to tell your relationship story in full detail so that you will receive the proper advice that you deserve. Keep in mind that your partner is most likely doing the same in return so there will be a lot of back and forth until a common understanding and a common Separation Agreement is reached. During this process you might get a little bit frustrated, but you have to understand that everything you agree to will be put in writing so it’s very important that you agree with all of the clauses before signing the Separation Agreement.

There will be occasions that one partner may choose to go it alone and not have a lawyer involved. It is required by the other partners’ lawyer to advise them that prior to signing the Separation Agreement, the partner that does not have a lawyer must have at least received independent legal advice just so that they know exactly what it is they are signing.

Filing for Divorce or Separation, Custody & Access, Child Support, Division of Assets?

We Can Help.

Sponsoring a spouse is both a deeply personal commitment and a complex legal process. Understanding eligibility requirements, preparing the correct documentation, and avoiding common pitfalls are essential to a successful application.

At Northfield & Associates, our experienced immigration consultants and lawyers specialize in spousal sponsorship. We provide strategic advice and tailored support to help you navigate the process with clarity and confidence.

Whether you prefer to meet in person at one of our offices or connect remotely, we make consultations convenient and accessible. During your session, we’ll assess your situation, review your documents, and guide you through each step of the sponsorship process.

Contact us today to schedule your consultation.

Working with Our Firm

In this evolving economic landscape, collaboration with our firm offers clients a strategic advantage. With Cambodia’s reform-driven investment environment and Canada’s expanding footprint in Southeast Asia, our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors provides tailored guidance to help businesses navigate cross-border opportunities. We specialize in developing comprehensive legal strategies, structuring international partnerships, and ensuring compliance in emerging markets.

By leveraging our regional insight and international expertise, you benefit from a trusted partner dedicated to helping you capitalize on growth potential in Cambodia and beyond.

Book a Consultation with Northfield & Associates
Your Trusted Partner in International Bilateral Relations

At Northfield & Associates, we specialize in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade missions, and cross-border legal strategy. Our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors offers tailored guidance and strategic insight to help you navigate the complexities of international partnerships and development opportunities.

Whether you choose to meet in person at one of our offices or connect virtually, we provide flexible and accessible consultation options. During your session, we’ll assess your goals, review key documentation, and guide you through every stage of your FDI or trade mission engagement.

Let us help you take the next step with confidence supported by trusted legal and strategic counsel every step of the way.

Northfield & Associates
Advancing Global Partnerships, Together.

Take the First Step Today

If you believe you may be eligible for legal relief or simply need sound legal advice, we’re here to help. Contact us today to book your consultation. Let us provide the clarity, strategy, and peace of mind you need to move forward.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

We serve our clients in English, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Mandarin and Cantonese, especially in Asian clients.

  • If you or anybody that you know, think that you meet the requirements and wish to receive further information.
  • We can help you start the application process and confirm eligibility requirements to participate.
  • We Offer Consultations & Meetings by Phone & Virtually. Affordable Fees.
Book a Consultation Today
Contact Northfield & Associates today to schedule a consultation with an experienced Consultant.
Book a call with a Consultation
Join the community of Northfield & Associates
Connect with peers and community ambassadors to hear real experiences, tips, and advice about studying abroad.
Explore Northfield & Associates community

About Northfield

Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global strategic advisory and consulting firm partnering with private equity, sovereign, and institutional investors to deploy capital, manage regulatory, supporting senior leadership, boards, and capital providers across Cambodia, Canada, and international markets operating in complex regulatory, economic, and geopolitical environments, and drive enterprise value creation across complex global markets.

We advise boards, executives, entrepreneurs, and public-sector decision-makers on business strategy, institutional transformation, and high-stakes market challenges requiring disciplined judgment, capital efficiency, and execution certainty. Our work is concentrated across priority global sectors, including agribusiness, aviation and automotive, energy and natural resources, financial services, healthcare, infrastructure, real estate, immigration, education, and information technology.

Our platform integrates sector-specific intelligence with multidisciplinary advisory capabilities. Clients benefit from coordinated access to consulting, legal and regulatory counsel, financial management, risk assessment, real estate advisory, immigration, education, and technology expertise. This integrated model supports informed capital allocation, regulatory-compliant investment structuring, and execution-ready strategies designed to optimise returns, preserve downside protection, and enhance risk-adjusted performance.

Northfield combines consulting rigor with legal and regulatory judgment to support capital markets-aligned decision-making in complex, regulated, and rapidly evolving environments. We partner with private enterprises, institutional investors, family offices, and public-sector entities to structure, deploy, and manage capital effectively; strengthen governance; mitigate regulatory and geopolitical risk; and drive sustainable enterprise value creation.

Our engagements span strategy formulation, operational optimisation, organisational design, and change execution. We deliver measurable outcomes that improve financial performance, support disciplined growth, enhance valuation, and generate durable returns on investment for investors, shareholders, and institutional stakeholders. We operate with independence, precision, and accountability, aligned with long-term value creation and fiduciary standards.

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains forward-looking information. All statements, other than statements of historic fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future constitute forward-looking information.

This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

Questions?

info@northfied.biz

Within Corporate Newsroom  

Media Contact:

media@northfied.biz

Press contact 

PR consultants
press@northfied.biz

NOT LEGAL ADVICE. Information made available on this website in any form is for information purposes only. It is not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. You should not rely on, or take or fail to take any action based upon this information. Never disregard professional legal advice or delay in seeking legal advice because of something you have read on this website. Northfield & Associates professionals will be pleased to discuss resolutions to specific legal concerns you may have.

Categories
Immigration Immigration info

LMIA Exempt Work Permit vs LMIA Work Permit

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

We will review the difference between a LMIA exempt work permit and a LMIA Work Permit.

LMIA exempt work permit

he main benefit of having a LMIA exempt work permit (Open Work Permit) is that you have the flexibility to work anywhere. Below we have outlined different situations that would be eligible to apply for an Open Work Permit:

While living in Canada, you would be eligible for an Open Work Permit if you have submitted a common law or spousal sponsorship application. If your spouse or common law partner is studying in Canada or they have an employer specific LMIA work permit, then you as the spouse or the common law partner, would be eligible for an Open Work Permit.

You would also be eligible for an Open Work Permit if you have received an invitation to apply for an Express Entry and you have submitted your application.

As a vulnerable worker, you could qualify for a 6-month Open Work Permit.

If you are an approved Refugee claimant, waiting for your hearing at the Immigration Refugee Board, then you would be eligible for an Open Work Permit. As well, if you are under a removal order that has been stayed, you would still be eligible for an Open Work Permit.

If you have further questions about Open Work Permits, we highly encourage you to visit northfield.biz

LMIA Work Permit

A Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) Work Permit on the other hand is an employer specific work permit. This means you can only work for that authorized employer.

Exemptions under LMIA are offered on a limited basis. One example of the LMIA exemption work permit is the intra company transfer. This is when you transfer employees from one company to the other. You need to show that the Canadian company and company in another country have affiliations, or are related, and they do business together. The categories for an intra company transfer are: professional employees, executive managers or employees that have special knowledge.

There are certain eligibility requirements which include that employees would need to show that they have worked for the sister company in the foreign country for at least one year as well as meet other job requirements.

One nice thing about the LMIA exemption code work permit is that if you are from a VISA exempt country, then you can apply for a work permit upon entry into Canada at a Port of Entry if you meet all of the requirements.

We highly advise that you get in touch with us at Northfield & Associates to explore your options as to whether or not you would be eligible under one of the codes that would satisfy an LMIA exempt work permit.

Whether you are an employer that is looking to hire a foreign worker(s) or a foreign worker that has a potential employer in Canada that is willing to offer you a job, make sure you connect with us.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

We serve our clients in English, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Mandarin and Cantonese, especially in Asian clients.

  • If you or anybody that you know, think that you meet the requirements and wish to receive further information.
  • We can help you start the application process and confirm eligibility requirements to participate.
  • We Offer Consultations & Meetings by Phone & Virtually. Affordable Fees.

Book a Consultation Today

Contact Northfield & Associates today to schedule a consultation with an experienced Consultant.

Book a call with a Consultation

Join the community of Northfield & Associates

Connect with peers and community ambassadors to hear real experiences, tips, and advice about studying abroad.

Explore Northfield & Associates community

About Northfield

Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global strategic advisory and consulting firm partnering with private equity, sovereign, and institutional investors to deploy capital, manage regulatory, supporting senior leadership, boards, and capital providers across Cambodia, Canada, and international markets operating in complex regulatory, economic, and geopolitical environments, and drive enterprise value creation across complex global markets.

We advise boards, executives, entrepreneurs, and public-sector decision-makers on business strategy, institutional transformation, and high-stakes market challenges requiring disciplined judgment, capital efficiency, and execution certainty. Our work is concentrated across priority global sectors, including agribusiness, aviation and automotive, energy and natural resources, financial services, healthcare, infrastructure, real estate, immigration, education, and information technology.

Our platform integrates sector-specific intelligence with multidisciplinary advisory capabilities. Clients benefit from coordinated access to consulting, legal and regulatory counsel, financial management, risk assessment, real estate advisory, immigration, education, and technology expertise. This integrated model supports informed capital allocation, regulatory-compliant investment structuring, and execution-ready strategies designed to optimise returns, preserve downside protection, and enhance risk-adjusted performance.

Northfield combines consulting rigor with legal and regulatory judgment to support capital markets-aligned decision-making in complex, regulated, and rapidly evolving environments. We partner with private enterprises, institutional investors, family offices, and public-sector entities to structure, deploy, and manage capital effectively; strengthen governance; mitigate regulatory and geopolitical risk; and drive sustainable enterprise value creation.

Our engagements span strategy formulation, operational optimisation, organisational design, and change execution. We deliver measurable outcomes that improve financial performance, support disciplined growth, enhance valuation, and generate durable returns on investment for investors, shareholders, and institutional stakeholders. We operate with independence, precision, and accountability, aligned with long-term value creation and fiduciary standards.

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains forward-looking information. All statements, other than statements of historic fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future constitute forward-looking information.

This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

Questions?

info@northfied.biz

Within Corporate Newsroom  

Media Contact:

media@northfied.biz

Press contact 

PR consultants
press@northfied.biz

NOT LEGAL ADVICE. Information made available on this website in any form is for information purposes only. It is not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. You should not rely on, or take or fail to take any action based upon this information. Never disregard professional legal advice or delay in seeking legal advice because of something you have read on this website. Northfield & Associates professionals will be pleased to discuss resolutions to specific legal concerns you may have.

Categories
Immigration Immigration info

Federal Court Upholds IRCC’s Authority to Refuse Study Permit Applications Based on Low Grades

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

In a recent ruling, the Federal Court has affirmed the reasonableness of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) visa officers’ decision to refuse study permit applications when applicants have obtained low grades in “core courses” or “core subjects” related to their intended program of study in Canada.

The case of Barot vs. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) brought this matter to light. The applicant, a 23-year-old Indian citizen, sought judicial review of an IRCC visa officer’s decision to reject his study permit application. The applicant held a Bachelor’s Degree in Management Studies from the University of Mumbai in 2020 and applied for a study permit in 2021 to pursue a post-graduate certificate in entrepreneurship management at Canadore College.

Despite being accepted by Canadore College, the applicant’s study permit application was denied by the visa officer, who deemed the applicant’s academic proficiency insufficient to complete his studies in Canada. The applicant’s submitted transcripts revealed below-average grades, particularly in core subjects. Consequently, the officer concluded that the applicant lacked genuine student status and that his chosen program of study was unreasonable.

Additionally, the Court ruled that visa officers are not obligated to provide explicit explanations for considering an applicant’s grades to be subpar, even if a Canadian post-secondary institution has admitted the student.

This ruling has significant implications, highlighting the wide discretion visa officers possess in refusing applications. If you are a student with lower grades, it is essential to address concerns proactively and present compelling arguments regarding how those grades will or will not impact your ability to complete your proposed studies.

This decision underscores the importance of maintaining academic proficiency and highlights the need for students to demonstrate their capability to excel in their chosen field of study. It is crucial to diligently address any concerns regarding grades and provide persuasive justifications to assure visa officers of your commitment and potential for academic success.

Aspiring students should take note of this ruling and strive to present a strong case that allays any doubts regarding their ability to thrive academically in Canada. It is prudent to seek professional guidance and support when navigating the study permit application process to increase the likelihood of a favourable outcome.

Remember, academic excellence and careful preparation are key to securing your study permit and embarking on a successful educational journey in Canada.

Guide to Applying for a Student Visa

If you’re considering studying in Canada and wish to apply for a study permit, it’s important to follow the application process diligently. To be eligible for a study permit, prospective students must fulfil the following criteria:

1. Secure a Letter of Acceptance

Obtain a letter of acceptance from a designated learning institution in Canada.

2. Show Financial Support

Demonstrate that you have sufficient financial resources to cover your first year of tuition, living expenses, and return transportation to your home country.

3. Quebec Acceptance Certificate (CAQ) (if applicable)

If you plan to study in Montreal or elsewhere in the Province of Quebec, obtain a Certificat d’acceptation du Quebec (CAQ).

4. Maintain a Clean Record

Ensure that you have a clean criminal record and do not pose a risk to Canadian security. In some cases, IRCC may request a police clearance certificate.

5. Maintain Good Health

Be in good health. IRCC may request a medical examination to verify your health status.

6. Demonstrate Intent to Depart

Convince the immigration officer that you have genuine intentions to leave Canada at the end of your authorized stay as granted by the study permit.

It is advisable to submit study permit applications as soon as you receive your letter of acceptance from the learning institution, as processing times may vary.

Student Direct Stream (SDS)

The Student Direct Stream (SDS) program expedites the study permit application process for eligible international students, making it faster and more efficient. The SDS is available to residents of the following 15 countries:

  1. Antigua and Barbuda
  2. Brazil
  3. Cambodia
  4. China
  5. Colombia
  6. Costa Rica
  7. India
  8. Morocco
  9. Pakistan
  10. Peru
  11. Philippines
  12. Senegal
  13. St. Vincent and the Grenadines
  14. Trinidad and Tobago
  15. Vietnam

Applications eligible for SDS are typically processed within 20 days. To apply for a Canadian study permit through the SDS program, prospective students must:

1. Provide a Letter of Acceptance

Submit a copy of the letter of acceptance from a Canadian Designated Learning Institution.

2. Complete Medical Examination

Present a confirmation document for the upfront medical examination.

3. Demonstrate Financial Capacity

Prove that you have obtained a Guaranteed Investment Certificate (GIC) of $10,000 and that you have paid the tuition fees for the first year of study.

4. Language Proficiency

Show proof of language test results, completed within two years of the SDS application, demonstrating an IELTS score of 6 in English or NCLC 7 for French.

5. Submit Application at a Visa Application Centre (VAC):

Submit the study permit application at a designated Visa Application Centre.

Following these guidelines will help ensure a smooth and efficient application process for your Canadian study permit. Remember to carefully adhere to the requirements and provide all necessary documents to support your application. Seeking professional advice and assistance can also be beneficial to increase your chances of a successful outcome.

Embark on your educational journey in Canada with confidence, knowing that you have followed the appropriate procedures and requirements for obtaining a study permit.

Seeking the right legal guidance is crucial when navigating the complexities of study permit applications. To ensure the best possible outcome, consult Northfield & Associates a trusted and experienced firm specializing in immigration and visa matters. Our expert team will provide personalized assistance, helping you address concerns related to low grades and presenting compelling arguments to strengthen your application, and you need help. Book a consultation with Northfield & Associates to help explore available options and navigate this process together, book a consultation with Northfield & Associates to help explore available options and navigate this process together.

Contact us today to schedule your consultation.

Working with Our Firm

In this evolving economic landscape, collaboration with our firm offers clients a strategic advantage. With Cambodia’s reform-driven investment environment and Canada’s expanding footprint in Southeast Asia, our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors provides tailored guidance to help businesses navigate cross-border opportunities. We specialize in developing comprehensive legal strategies, structuring international partnerships, and ensuring compliance in emerging markets.

By leveraging our regional insight and international expertise, you benefit from a trusted partner dedicated to helping you capitalize on growth potential in Cambodia and beyond.

Book a Consultation with Northfield & Associates
Your Trusted Partner in International Bilateral Relations

At Northfield & Associates, we specialize in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade missions, and cross-border legal strategy. Our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors offers tailored guidance and strategic insight to help you navigate the complexities of international partnerships and development opportunities.

Whether you choose to meet in person at one of our offices or connect virtually, we provide flexible and accessible consultation options. During your session, we’ll assess your goals, review key documentation, and guide you through every stage of your FDI or trade mission engagement.

Let us help you take the next step with confidence supported by trusted legal and strategic counsel every step of the way.

Northfield & Associates
Advancing Global Partnerships, Together.

Take the First Step Today

If you believe you may be eligible for legal relief or simply need sound legal advice, we’re here to help. Contact us today to book your consultation. Let us provide the clarity, strategy, and peace of mind you need to move forward.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

We serve our clients in English, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Mandarin and Cantonese, especially in Asian clients.

  • If you or anybody that you know, think that you meet the requirements and wish to receive further information.
  • We can help you start the application process and confirm eligibility requirements to participate.
  • We Offer Consultations & Meetings by Phone & Virtually. Affordable Fees.
Book a Consultation Today
Contact Northfield & Associates today to schedule a consultation with an experienced Consultant.
Book a call with a Consultation
Join the community of Northfield & Associates
Connect with peers and community ambassadors to hear real experiences, tips, and advice about studying abroad.
Explore Northfield & Associates community

About Northfield

Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global strategic advisory and consulting firm partnering with private equity, sovereign, and institutional investors to deploy capital, manage regulatory, supporting senior leadership, boards, and capital providers across Cambodia, Canada, and international markets operating in complex regulatory, economic, and geopolitical environments, and drive enterprise value creation across complex global markets.

We advise boards, executives, entrepreneurs, and public-sector decision-makers on business strategy, institutional transformation, and high-stakes market challenges requiring disciplined judgment, capital efficiency, and execution certainty. Our work is concentrated across priority global sectors, including agribusiness, aviation and automotive, energy and natural resources, financial services, healthcare, infrastructure, real estate, immigration, education, and information technology.

Our platform integrates sector-specific intelligence with multidisciplinary advisory capabilities. Clients benefit from coordinated access to consulting, legal and regulatory counsel, financial management, risk assessment, real estate advisory, immigration, education, and technology expertise. This integrated model supports informed capital allocation, regulatory-compliant investment structuring, and execution-ready strategies designed to optimise returns, preserve downside protection, and enhance risk-adjusted performance.

Northfield combines consulting rigor with legal and regulatory judgment to support capital markets-aligned decision-making in complex, regulated, and rapidly evolving environments. We partner with private enterprises, institutional investors, family offices, and public-sector entities to structure, deploy, and manage capital effectively; strengthen governance; mitigate regulatory and geopolitical risk; and drive sustainable enterprise value creation.

Our engagements span strategy formulation, operational optimisation, organisational design, and change execution. We deliver measurable outcomes that improve financial performance, support disciplined growth, enhance valuation, and generate durable returns on investment for investors, shareholders, and institutional stakeholders. We operate with independence, precision, and accountability, aligned with long-term value creation and fiduciary standards.

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains forward-looking information. All statements, other than statements of historic fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future constitute forward-looking information.

This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

Questions?

info@northfied.biz

Within Corporate Newsroom  

Media Contact:

media@northfied.biz

Press contact 

PR consultants
press@northfied.biz

NOT LEGAL ADVICE. Information made available on this website in any form is for information purposes only. It is not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. You should not rely on, or take or fail to take any action based upon this information. Never disregard professional legal advice or delay in seeking legal advice because of something you have read on this website. Northfield & Associates professionals will be pleased to discuss resolutions to specific legal concerns you may have.

Categories
Business News Financial Institution & Services Legal News Northfield News

I’m a member in an ONCA not-for-profit. Do I need to pay the annual member’s contribution or dues?

Membership dues are a crucial aspect of not-for-profit corporations. According to Ontario’s Not-for-Profit Corporations Act (ONCA), Section 86 allows directors to establish and manage annual contributions or dues, subject to the company’s articles and by-laws. It means that directors have the flexibility to determine the amount of contributions and how they are collected.

In addition, aligning membership dues with an organization’s articles and by-laws is essential as it guides directors in establishing fair and reasonable dues. ONCA allows directors to decide the annual contribution amount and how it will be paid. This will enable organizations to tailor dues structures to their unique needs and members’ preferences. Clear communication about the rationale behind the dues, the benefits members receive, and the impact on the organization’s objectives fosters trust and understanding among members.

To stay in line with ONCA regulations, organizations should meticulously create and routinely assess their articles and by-laws, taking a proactive stance to avoid conflicts and guaranteeing that the legal structure oversees membership dues as outlined in ONCA’s Section 86; these dues serve as a means for financial sustainability for not-for-profit corporations.

At Northfield & Associates our expert teams guidance on compliance requirements. Our team understands Canadian charity law and can help ensure your organisation follows proper procedures.

Get professional support today by email at info@northfield.biz, by phone at (416) 317-6806, or visit us or Schedule your free consultation to discuss your specific circumstances and receive expert assistance throughout the reinstatement process with our experienced legal team.

Ready for better nonprofit reporting?
At Northfield & Associates, we have a team of professional bookkeepers and accountants to help your organization manage the books so that you can breeze through tax season.
GET IN TOUCH

What We Do!

We’re often asked by prospective clients what our Bookkeeping Service covers?  People want to know what specific tasks we do, and what their responsibility is.  This brief explainer page will answer that question.  This is by no means an exhaustive list, but covers the most frequently asked questions.

Getting Started

  • Review your existing books for needed corrections or back-work
  • Chart of accounts setup or amendment
  • Assistance with setting up bank feeds
  • Limited assistance* with setting up payroll (QBO or Gusto only)
  • Your books brought current and reconciled if needed

Ongoing Monthly Bookkeeping

  • After-the-fact transaction recording
  • Post to general ledger
  • Post to other ledgers (as needed)
  • Bank account reconciliation
  • Monthly financial statements
  • Other bookkeeping services, as required
  • Best-practice bookkeeping advice and counsel

Year End

  • Assistance with 1099-NEC preparation*
  • Assistance with 1099-MISC preparation*
  • Year-end financial statements and period-end closing

What We Don’t Do

Pay bills

We do not offer bill-pay services at this time, nor do we manage Accounts Payable (AP) or Accounts Receivable (AR).

Payroll tax responsibility

Our bookkeepers can assist you in setting up your initial payroll service in QBO or Gusto. We are not responsible for entering payroll hours/salary, accruing payroll taxes, nor the transmittal of payroll taxes to the IRS or the state.  Your full-service payroll provider (QBO, Gusto, or whatever other service a client uses) will be the responsible party for payroll and payroll tax compliance.

*Payroll deductions and benefits

We provide assistance with setting up a payroll account in either Quickbooks Online or Gusto, including entry of employee data.  We do not assist in state registrations, benefits, or advise on deductions.  Those service areas are provided directly by either QBO or Gusto.

Preparation of W2s

Similar to the last item, your full-service payroll provider (QBO/Gusto) is responsible for preparation of Form W2 for employees.

Sales tax reporting

For those nonprofits that sell taxable goods and/or services, your bookkeeper will assist in accounting for sales taxes collected and transmitted, but we do not prepare state sales tax reports.

Donation recording

We do not provide individual donation data entry into your neither your donor CRM nor Quickbooks Online, nor do we prepare year-end donor acknowledgements.

Administrative tasks

We cannot provide administrative services unrelated to our bookkeeping function.

Attend board meetings

Due to the constraints of time and distance, we are unable to be present, physically nor virtually, at a meeting of a client’s board of directors.*May incur additional fee per 1099-NEC or 1099-MISC.

Let’s Collaborate & Make a Difference!
Partner with us to amplify your mission. Whether it’s Charity accounting, financial transparency, or strategic growth—we’re here to help you create meaningful impact. Let’s work together to build a better future!
Book a Call

Contact us today to schedule your consultation.

Working with Our Firm

In this evolving economic landscape, collaboration with our firm offers clients a strategic advantage. With Cambodia’s reform-driven investment environment and Canada’s expanding footprint in Southeast Asia, our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors provides tailored guidance to help businesses navigate cross-border opportunities. We focus in developing comprehensive legal strategies, structuring international partnerships, and ensuring compliance in emerging markets.

By leveraging our regional insight and international expertise, you benefit from a trusted partner dedicated to helping you capitalize on growth potential in Cambodia and beyond.

Book a Consultation with Northfield & Associates
Your Trusted Partner in International Bilateral Relations

At Northfield & Associates are focus in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade missions, and cross-border legal strategy. Our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors offers tailored guidance and strategic insight to help you navigate the complexities of international partnerships and development opportunities.

Whether you choose to meet in person at one of our offices or connect virtually, we provide flexible and accessible consultation options. During your session, we’ll assess your goals, review key documentation, and guide you through every stage of your FDI or trade mission engagement.

Let us help you take the next step with confidence supported by trusted legal and strategic counsel every step of the way.

Northfield & Associates
Advancing Global Partnerships, Together.

Take the First Step Today

If you believe you may be eligible for legal relief or simply need sound legal advice, we’re here to help. Contact us today to book your consultation. Let us provide the clarity, strategy, and peace of mind you need to move forward.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

We serve our clients in English, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Mandarin and Cantonese, especially in Asian clients.

  • If you or anybody that you know, think that you meet the requirements and wish to receive further information.
  • We can help you start the application process and confirm eligibility requirements to participate.
  • We Offer Consultations & Meetings by Phone & Virtually. Affordable Fees.
Book a Consultation Today
Contact Northfield & Associates today to schedule a consultation with an experienced Consultant.
Book a call with a Consultation
Join the community of Northfield & Associates
Connect with peers and community ambassadors to hear real experiences, tips, and advice about studying abroad.
Explore Northfield & Associates community

About Northfield

Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global consulting firm serving private enterprises, public institutions, not-for-profit organizations, and institutional capital providers. Operating across Cambodia, Canada, and global markets, the firm supports capital deployment, regulatory navigation, and enterprise decision-making in complex economic and geopolitical environments. Northfield & Associates delivers customized, execution-focused advisory solutions that drive measurable transformation, strengthen competitiveness, and enhance long-term highest value opportunities. The firm incorporates consulting, legal, regulatory, financial, and risk expertise to enable disciplined capital allocation, strong governance, and operational resilience. Northfield & Associates upholds a culture of applied insight and innovation, supporting clients across digital transformation, growth strategy, and organizational capability building. The firm advises individual, leading global corporations, midsize enterprises, government agencies, and mission-driven organizations through long-term partnerships. Enterprise-wide risk management, professional ethics, and fiduciary standards are embedded across all operations. Northfield & Associates’ diverse, globally unified teams are committed to execution certainty and sustainable, risk-adjusted returns aligned with ESG and stakeholder objectives.

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains forward-looking information. All statements, other than statements of historic fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future constitute forward-looking information.

This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

Questions?

info@northfied.biz

Within Corporate Newsroom  

Media Contact:

media@northfied.biz

Press contact 

PR consultants
press@northfied.biz

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Immigration Immigration info

Unlocking Your Path to Return to Canada: Understanding the Authorization to Return to Canada (ARC) Permit

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

If you have received a removal order and wish to return to Canada, the Authorization to Return to Canada (ARC) may be your ticket back. The type of ARC application you need depends on the type of removal order you have received. It’s important to note that the ARC application is typically submitted along with the main application unless you are from a visa-exempt country.

Departure Order:

If you have received a departure order and have left Canada within 30 days, you may not require an ARC and can return through any port of entry. However, if you have not verified your departure, your removal order may be converted into a Deportation Order, which will require you to apply for an ARC to return to Canada.

 Deportation Order:

If you have received a deportation order and wish to return to Canada before your deportation order expires, you will need to apply for an ARC. It’s important to note that a deportation order is different from a removal order, as it is issued when you do not leave Canada within 30 days of your issued departure order. If you were issued a deportation order due to criminal convictions, you may also need to apply for criminal rehabilitation before applying for ARC. You may require a Temporary Resident Permit (TRP) in addition to ARC, and an interview may also be required. 

Exclusion Order:

If you were issued an exclusion order and left Canada within 12 months since it was issued, and have a certificate of departure, you may not need an ARC. However, if you wish to return before 12 months have passed, you will need to apply for an ARC.  

Applying for an ARC requires filling out an application and providing relevant information, including the reasons for the removal order, the length of time of the order issued, reasons for wishing to enter Canada, a declaration of better behaviour in the future, and evidence of your current situation.

If you are unsure about your admissibility to Canada due to past convictions or other reasons, Northfield & Associates can provide an assessment of your situation and suggest the best options based on your circumstances, and you need help. Book a consultation with Northfield & Associates to help explore available options and navigate this process together, book a consultation with Northfield & Associates to help explore available options and navigate this process together.

Our immigration consultants or lawyers at Northfield & Associates can help you take advantage of these special measures. Northfield & Associates can work with you to ensure you are eligible for the program and that your application is complete. Our experienced team can help navigate you through this complex process.

Contact us today to schedule your consultation.

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In this evolving economic landscape, collaboration with our firm offers clients a strategic advantage. With Cambodia’s reform-driven investment environment and Canada’s expanding footprint in Southeast Asia, our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors provides tailored guidance to help businesses navigate cross-border opportunities. We specialize in developing comprehensive legal strategies, structuring international partnerships, and ensuring compliance in emerging markets.

By leveraging our regional insight and international expertise, you benefit from a trusted partner dedicated to helping you capitalize on growth potential in Cambodia and beyond.

Book a Consultation with Northfield & Associates
Your Trusted Partner in International Bilateral Relations

At Northfield & Associates, we specialize in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade missions, and cross-border legal strategy. Our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors offers tailored guidance and strategic insight to help you navigate the complexities of international partnerships and development opportunities.

Whether you choose to meet in person at one of our offices or connect virtually, we provide flexible and accessible consultation options. During your session, we’ll assess your goals, review key documentation, and guide you through every stage of your FDI or trade mission engagement.

Let us help you take the next step with confidence supported by trusted legal and strategic counsel every step of the way.

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Advancing Global Partnerships, Together.

Take the First Step Today

If you believe you may be eligible for legal relief or simply need sound legal advice, we’re here to help. Contact us today to book your consultation. Let us provide the clarity, strategy, and peace of mind you need to move forward.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

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About Northfield

Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global strategic advisory and consulting firm partnering with private equity, sovereign, and institutional investors to deploy capital, manage regulatory, supporting senior leadership, boards, and capital providers across Cambodia, Canada, and international markets operating in complex regulatory, economic, and geopolitical environments, and drive enterprise value creation across complex global markets.

We advise boards, executives, entrepreneurs, and public-sector decision-makers on business strategy, institutional transformation, and high-stakes market challenges requiring disciplined judgment, capital efficiency, and execution certainty. Our work is concentrated across priority global sectors, including agribusiness, aviation and automotive, energy and natural resources, financial services, healthcare, infrastructure, real estate, immigration, education, and information technology.

Our platform integrates sector-specific intelligence with multidisciplinary advisory capabilities. Clients benefit from coordinated access to consulting, legal and regulatory counsel, financial management, risk assessment, real estate advisory, immigration, education, and technology expertise. This integrated model supports informed capital allocation, regulatory-compliant investment structuring, and execution-ready strategies designed to optimise returns, preserve downside protection, and enhance risk-adjusted performance.

Northfield combines consulting rigor with legal and regulatory judgment to support capital markets-aligned decision-making in complex, regulated, and rapidly evolving environments. We partner with private enterprises, institutional investors, family offices, and public-sector entities to structure, deploy, and manage capital effectively; strengthen governance; mitigate regulatory and geopolitical risk; and drive sustainable enterprise value creation.

Our engagements span strategy formulation, operational optimisation, organisational design, and change execution. We deliver measurable outcomes that improve financial performance, support disciplined growth, enhance valuation, and generate durable returns on investment for investors, shareholders, and institutional stakeholders. We operate with independence, precision, and accountability, aligned with long-term value creation and fiduciary standards.

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains forward-looking information. All statements, other than statements of historic fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future constitute forward-looking information.

This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

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NOT LEGAL ADVICE. Information made available on this website in any form is for information purposes only. It is not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. You should not rely on, or take or fail to take any action based upon this information. Never disregard professional legal advice or delay in seeking legal advice because of something you have read on this website. Northfield & Associates professionals will be pleased to discuss resolutions to specific legal concerns you may have.

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