Category: Northfield News

Many Canadian organizations struggle to determine which tax form they need to file with the Canada Revenue Agency.

The confusion often centres around two key documents: Form T1044 for non-profit organizations and Form T3010 for registered charities.

The main difference is that registered charities must file Form T3010 annually, while non-profit organizations file Form T1044 only when they meet criteria such as having assets over $200,000 or passive income exceeding $10,000.

This distinction reflects the fundamental differences in how these organizations operate and their tax obligations under Canadian law.

Understanding which form applies to your organization is crucial for maintaining compliance with the CRA and avoiding penalties.

The choice between registered charity status and non-profit organization designation affects tax receipt eligibility, reporting requirements, and spending obligations.

Overview of T1044 and T3010

The T1044 and T3010 are distinct information returns required by the Canada Revenue Agency for different types of organizations.

The T1044 serves non-profit organizations that meet specific asset or income thresholds, while the T3010 is mandatory for all registered charities regardless of their financial position.

Purpose of T1044

Form T1044 acts as the Non-Profit Organization Information Return under the Income Tax Act.

The Canada Revenue Agency uses this form to monitor tax-exempt organizations and ensure compliance with federal tax regulations.

The primary purpose is to collect financial data from non-profit organizations that exceed certain thresholds.

This includes organizations with assets over $200,000 or investment income exceeding $10,000 annually.

The CRA reviews this information to verify that organizations continue to qualify for tax-exempt status.

Organizations that fail to file risk losing their tax exemption and facing financial penalties.

Key functions of T1044 include:

• Maintaining tax-exempt status
• Reporting asset valuations
• Disclosing investment income sources
• Ensuring regulatory compliance

Purpose of T3010

The T3010 Registered Charity Information Return serves two main purposes under Canadian tax law.

First, it provides the Canada Revenue Agency with information to verify that registered charities remain compliant with charitable regulations.

Second, the T3010 promotes public accountability and transparency.

All T3010 returns become publicly searchable on the CRA website, allowing donors and the public to access current information about registered charities.

The form captures detailed financial data, program activities, and governance information.

This comprehensive reporting helps the CRA monitor charitable activities and ensures organizations meet their charitable obligations.

Primary purposes include:

• Maintaining charitable registration
• Public transparency requirements
• Regulatory oversight
• Donor accountability

Who Must File Each Form

T1044 Filing Requirements:

Non-profit organizations must file T1044 when they meet specific criteria during their fiscal year.

Organizations with total assets exceeding $200,000 at any point must file this return.

Additionally, organizations receiving more than $10,000 in passive income (interest, dividends, rentals) must submit the form.

This applies to social clubs, recreational groups, and other non-profit entities that are not registered charities.

T3010 Filing Requirements:

All registered charities must file the T3010 annually, regardless of their asset levels or income amounts.

This requirement applies even when charities have no income or expenses during the fiscal year.

Registered Canadian amateur athletic associations and registered journalism organizations also fall under T3010 requirements.

These organizations cannot file T1044 for the same activities covered by their T3010 return.

Important distinction: An organization cannot file both forms for the same fiscal period and activities.

Registered Charities vs Non-Profit Organizations

Registered charities must operate exclusively for charitable purposes and can issue official donation receipts.

Non-profit organizations serve broader social purposes like civic improvement and recreation but cannot provide tax receipts to donors.

Charitable Purposes and Activities

Registered charities operate under strict guidelines that limit their work to four specific charitable purposes.

These include relief of poverty, advancement of education, advancement of religion, and other purposes that benefit the community.

All charitable activities must directly advance these purposes.

A registered charity cannot use its resources for activities outside these categories.

The organization must dedicate all of its resources to charitable activities.

Every dollar raised must go toward furthering the charity’s charitable purposes.

Registration with the Canada Revenue Agency is mandatory for all organizations wanting charitable status.

The CRA issues a charitable registration number once approved.

Registered charities face spending requirements called disbursement quotas.

They must spend a minimum amount each year on their own charitable activities or qualifying disbursements to other charities.

NPO Purposes: Social Welfare, Civic Improvement, and Recreation

Non-profit organizations serve a much wider range of purposes than registered charities.

NPOs can focus on social welfare, civic improvement, pleasure, sport, or recreation.

These organizations cannot operate exclusively for charitable purposes.

If they do, they must register as charities instead of remaining as NPOs.

NPOs do not register with the CRA like charities do.

They receive no registration number and face fewer reporting requirements.

The organization cannot use its income to personally benefit its members.

One exception exists for clubs promoting amateur athletics in Canada.

NPOs have no mandatory spending requirements.

They can build reserves and spend money when needed without meeting annual quotas.

Most NPOs qualify for income tax exemption.

However, they may pay tax on property income or capital gains in some situations.

Official Donation Receipts and Tax Benefits

Only registered charities can issue official donation receipts for tax purposes.

These receipts allow donors to claim charitable tax deductions on their personal tax returns.

Non-profit organizations cannot issue tax receipts unless they also hold charitable registration.

Donations to NPOs provide no tax benefits to donors.

This difference significantly affects funding opportunities.

Many donors prefer giving to organizations that provide tax receipts.

Registered charities often attract larger donations because of the tax benefits they offer.

Corporate donors especially value the tax deduction opportunities.

Both organization types generally avoid paying income tax on their regular operations.

However, registered charities receive complete tax exemption while NPOs may face some tax obligations.

The ability to issue tax receipts makes registered charities “qualified donees” under Canadian tax law.

This status opens doors to certain grants and funding programs not available to regular NPOs.

Filing Requirements and Eligibility

Non-profit organizations in Canada face specific filing obligations based on their registration status and financial thresholds.

Registered charities must file T3010 returns annually, while non-profit organizations meeting certain criteria must file T1044 returns.

New short-form requirements are coming for smaller organizations.

Criteria for T1044 Filing

Non-profit organizations described in paragraph 149(1)(l) of the Income Tax Act must file Form T1044 when they meet specific financial thresholds.

The organization must file if it received taxable dividends, interest, rentals, or royalties totalling more than $10,000 during the fiscal period.

Organizations with total assets exceeding $200,000 at the end of the previous fiscal period must also file.

The asset calculation uses book value based on generally accepted accounting principles.

Once an organization files a T1044 for any fiscal period, it must continue filing for all subsequent periods regardless of future revenue or asset levels.

This creates a permanent filing obligation.

Key filing details:

• Deadline: Six months after fiscal year-end
• Penalty: $25 per day late (minimum $100, maximum $2,500)
• Mailing address: Jonquière Tax Centre, T1044 Program

Agricultural organizations, boards of trade, and chambers of commerce under paragraph 149(1)(e) follow the same T1044 requirements.

Criteria for T3010 Filing

Registered charities must file Form T3010 annually regardless of their size or revenue.

This applies to all organizations registered under paragraph 149(1)(f) of the Income Tax Act.

The T3010 filing requirement is mandatory for maintaining charitable registration status.

There are no financial thresholds that trigger this obligation.

Filing specifications:

• Due date: Six months after fiscal year-end
• Scope: All registered charities
• Purpose: Accountability and transparency reporting

Registered Canadian amateur athletic associations and registered national arts service organizations also file T3010 returns.

These organizations cannot file T1044 returns as they fall under different Income Tax Act provisions.

Charities that also qualify as non-profit organizations may need to file both T3010 and T1044 returns if they meet the T1044 thresholds.

New Reporting Obligations for NPOs

Starting with fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2026, new filing requirements will affect smaller non-profit organizations.

Organizations not meeting current T1044 thresholds must file a new short-form return.

The short-form return will require basic organizational information including the business number or trust number.

This expands reporting obligations to virtually all non-profit organizations.

Current vs. future requirements:

• Pre-2026: Only NPOs meeting income or asset thresholds file T1044
• 2026 onwards: All NPOs file either T1044 or short-form return

These changes aim to improve transparency and compliance across the non-profit sector.

Organizations should prepare by ensuring proper record-keeping systems and understanding their new obligations.

The Canada Revenue Agency will provide additional guidance as the implementation date approaches.

Information Required on Each Return

The T1044 and T3010 information returns require different sets of financial and organizational data.

The T1044 focuses on basic organizational details and income sources for non-profit organizations, while the T3010 demands comprehensive financial reporting and detailed program information from registered charities.

Essential Details for T1044

The T1044 Non-Profit Organization Information Return collects fundamental information about tax-exempt organizations.

Organizations must provide their business number or trust number along with basic identification details.

Key requirements include the organization’s legal name and complete mailing address.

The form requires financial data about income sources and expenditures during the fiscal period.

Income reporting covers various revenue streams including:

• Membership fees and dues
• Property income from investments
• Donations and grants received
• Revenue from programs and services

Organizations must also report their total assets and liabilities.

This includes cash holdings, investments, and physical property owned by the organization.

The T1044 requires details about how funds were spent during the year.

This includes program expenses, administrative costs, and any payments made to directors or officers.

Filing thresholds determine which organizations must complete this return.

Organizations meeting specific income or asset requirements must submit the T1044 alongside their T2 Corporation Income Tax Return.

Key Details for T3010

The T3010 Registered Charity Information Return demands comprehensive reporting from all registered charities.

This form requires detailed financial statements and extensive program information.

Financial reporting includes complete revenue and expenditure breakdowns.

Charities must report all funding sources including donations, government grants, and property income from investments.

Asset reporting covers:

• Cash and short-term investments
• Long-term investments and endowments
• Land, buildings, and equipment
• Other assets owned by the charity

The form requires detailed information about charitable programs and activities.

Charities must describe their work and show how they advance their charitable purposes.

Governance information includes details about directors, trustees, and key staff members.

Charities must report compensation paid to directors and the highest-paid employees.

All registered charities must complete the T3010 annually, regardless of their size or income level.

The return must be filed within six months of the charity’s fiscal year-end to maintain good standing with the Canada Revenue Agency.

Penalties and Implications for Non-Compliance

Organizations face different penalty structures and consequences depending on whether they file T1044 or T3010 returns.

The Canada Revenue Agency imposes specific financial penalties for late filing, and continued non-compliance can threaten an organization’s tax-exempt status.

Financial Penalties for Late or Missing Returns

The CRA applies different penalty structures for each return type.

Non-profit organizations that do not file their T1044 return pay a penalty of $25 per day, up to a maximum of $2,500 per return.

The CRA does not impose penalties for first-time late filers of the T1044.

Registered charities face other consequences for T3010 non-compliance.

The CRA charges a late-filing penalty of $500 if a charity misses the six-month deadline after its fiscal year-end.

The agency does not apply this penalty if charities file before their registration is revoked.

Penalties for tax receipt violations are more severe:

• 5% penalty for first-time inaccurate receipts
• 10% penalty for repeat violations
• 125% penalty for false information on receipts

If false receipt penalties exceed $25,000, the charity loses its tax-receipting privileges for one year.

Impact on Tax-Exempt Status

Non-compliance puts the tax benefits both organization types receive at risk.

The CRA can revoke an NPO’s tax-exempt status if it repeatedly fails to file T1044 returns or keep proper records.

For registered charities, consequences escalate faster.

The agency sends a Notice of Intention to Revoke (Form T2051A) if it does not receive the T3010 return within seven months of the fiscal year-end.

Revocation happens by the tenth month if the charity still has not filed.

Once revoked, charities may owe a revocation tax on remaining assets if they do not transfer them to eligible donees in time.

Loss of charitable status means donors cannot claim income tax deductions for their gifts.

Organizations cannot reapply right away and re-registration is not guaranteed.

Choosing Between Registered Charity and NPO Status

Organizations should weigh their operational needs against compliance requirements when choosing their structure.

This decision affects fundraising, tax obligations, and how flexible the organization can be long-term.

Strategic Considerations for Organizations

Purpose alignment is the main factor in choosing a status.

Groups focused on poverty relief, education, religion, or community benefit should become registered charities.

Organizations centered on social welfare, recreation, or civic improvement fit better as NPOs.

Fundraising needs also play a big role.

Registered charities can issue official donation receipts, which attract donors who want tax benefits.

This ability often leads to more and larger donations.

NPOs have stricter limits on charitable activities.

They cannot operate solely for charitable purposes or they lose their NPO classification.

This rule affects organizations that may shift toward more charitable work in the future.

Operational flexibility also differs between the two types.

NPOs have fewer spending requirements and less regulatory oversight.

Registered charities must meet annual disbursement quotas and spend minimum amounts on charitable activities each year.

The registration process is different for each.

Registered charities go through a detailed application review with the Canada Revenue Agency.

NPOs only need to meet basic criteria and do not have a formal registration process.

Long-Term Impacts on Fundraising and Compliance

Funding sources are broader for registered charities.

Many foundations, government grants, and large donors require organizations to be registered charities.

This requirement can limit NPOs’ access to major funding opportunities.

Registered charities face higher compliance costs.

They must file detailed T3010 returns each year and keep thorough records of their activities.

NPOs usually file simpler T1044 forms with less strict reporting rules.

Public trust often favors registered charities because of government oversight and transparency rules.

Donors see charity registration as proof of legitimate operations and proper fund management.

Registered charities face more limits on commercial activities and must keep all revenue sources aligned with charitable purposes.

NPOs have more freedom in how they generate revenue.

Future changes in organizational status require careful planning.

Switching from NPO to registered charity status takes time and a lengthy application process.

Changing from charity to NPO status means permanently losing the ability to issue donation receipts.

Conclusion

The difference between T1044 and T3010 forms is clear.

Registered charities file T3010 returns each year, while non-profit organizations that are not registered charities use T1044 if they meet certain income or asset thresholds.

An organization cannot be both a registered charity and a non-profit for CRA filing purposes.

Which form to file depends on the organization’s registration status with the CRA.

T3010 forms promote transparency and help registered charities stay compliant.

T1044 forms collect information from non-profits with higher financial activity, allowing the CRA to monitor these organizations.

Filing the correct form is necessary to stay in good standing with the CRA.

Northfield & Associates helps organizations meet these requirements and stay compliant.

For help with T1044 or T3010 filing, contact us.

Visit us for more information or schedule a FREE consultation to discuss your organization’s filing needs.

At Northfield & Associates our expert teams guidance on compliance requirements. Our team understands Canadian charity law and can help ensure your organisation follows proper procedures.

Get professional support today by email at info@northfield.biz, by phone at (416) 317-6806, or visit us or Schedule your free consultation to discuss your specific circumstances and receive expert assistance throughout the reinstatement process with our experienced legal team.

Frequently Asked Questions

Organizations often ask which form applies to them and what the filing requirements are.

The T1044 is for non-profit organizations that meet certain criteria, while the T3010 is required for all registered charities in Canada.

What is the difference between T1044 and T3010?

The T1044 is the Non-Profit Organization Information Return.

The Canada Revenue Agency uses it to collect financial information from tax-exempt non-profit organizations that operate under paragraph 149(1)(l) of the Income Tax Act.

The T3010 is the Registered Charity Information Return.

It ensures registered charities stay compliant and provides transparency for the public.

Organizations file the T1044 with a Corporate Income Tax Return, but this usually does not lead to a tax bill.

The T3010 is a separate report designed specifically for registered charities.

Who needs to file a T1044 vs a T3010?

Non-profit organizations file a T1044 if they meet certain criteria under the Income Tax Act.

They must file when their total passive income from dividends, interest, rentals, or royalties exceeds $10,000 in a fiscal period.

All registered charities in Canada must file a T3010 every year.

This rule applies no matter the charity’s size or income.

The main difference is the organization’s legal status.

Non-profits that are not registered charities use the T1044, while registered charities use the T3010.

When are T1044 and T3010 returns due?

Both forms have similar deadlines based on the organization’s fiscal year-end.

Organizations generally have six months after their fiscal year-end to file.

The exact due date depends on when the fiscal year ends.

Organizations should check their year-end date and count six months forward to find their deadline.

Late filing can lead to penalties and possible loss of tax-exempt status.

Organizations should mark their filing dates on the calendar well in advance.

Can an organization ever file both T1044 and T3010?

Organizations cannot file both forms for the same fiscal period.

The choice depends entirely on their legal status with the CRA.

If an organization is a registered charity, it files the T3010.

If it is a non-profit that is not a registered charity, it may need to file the T1044 based on the criteria above.

An organization can switch from one form to the other if its status changes.

For example, a non-profit that becomes a registered charity stops filing T1044 and starts filing T3010.

What are the penalties for non-compliance in filing the T1044 or T3010 forms?

The CRA can charge financial penalties for late filing or non-compliance.

Penalties depend on the organization’s revenue and how late the filing is.

Registered charities that do not file the T3010 can lose their charitable status.

This means they lose the ability to issue tax receipts and may have to pay tax on their income.

Non-profit organizations that do not file required T1044 forms may lose their tax-exempt status.

This would make them liable for corporate income tax on their earnings.

Why does it matter whether my organization files T1044 or T3010?

Filing the correct form helps your organization keep its tax-exempt or charitable status with the CRA. If you use the wrong form or don’t file at all, you risk losing these legal protections.

The T3010 lets registered charities issue tax receipts to donors. If a charity can’t provide receipts, attracting donations becomes much harder because supporters can’t claim tax deductions.

Proper filing builds transparency and public trust. The CRA makes this information public, so donors can make informed decisions about which organizations to support.

Ready for better nonprofit reporting?

At Northfield & Associates, we have a team of professional bookkeepers and accountants to help your organization manage the books so that you can breeze through tax season.

GET IN TOUCH

What We Do!

We’re often asked by prospective clients what our Bookkeeping Service covers?  People want to know what specific tasks we do, and what their responsibility is.  This brief explainer page will answer that question.  This is by no means an exhaustive list, but covers the most frequently asked questions.

Getting Started

• Review your existing books for needed corrections or back-work
• Chart of accounts setup or amendment
• Assistance with setting up bank feeds
• Limited assistance* with setting up payroll (QBO or Gusto only)
• Your books brought current and reconciled if needed

Ongoing Monthly Bookkeeping

• After-the-fact transaction recording
• Post to general ledger
• Post to other ledgers (as needed)
• Bank account reconciliation
• Monthly financial statements
• Other bookkeeping services, as required
• Best-practice bookkeeping advice and counsel

Year End

• Assistance with 1099-NEC preparation*
• Assistance with 1099-MISC preparation*
• Year-end financial statements and period-end closing

What We Don’t Do

Pay bills

We do not offer bill-pay services at this time, nor do we manage Accounts Payable (AP) or Accounts Receivable (AR).

Payroll tax responsibility

Our bookkeepers can assist you in setting up your initial payroll service in QBO or Gusto. We are not responsible for entering payroll hours/salary, accruing payroll taxes, nor the transmittal of payroll taxes to the IRS or the state.  Your full-service payroll provider (QBO, Gusto, or whatever other service a client uses) will be the responsible party for payroll and payroll tax compliance.

*Payroll deductions and benefits

We provide assistance with setting up a payroll account in either Quickbooks Online or Gusto, including entry of employee data.  We do not assist in state registrations, benefits, or advise on deductions.  Those service areas are provided directly by either QBO or Gusto.

Preparation of W2s

Similar to the last item, your full-service payroll provider (QBO/Gusto) is responsible for preparation of Form W2 for employees.

Sales tax reporting

For those nonprofits that sell taxable goods and/or services, your bookkeeper will assist in accounting for sales taxes collected and transmitted, but we do not prepare state sales tax reports.

Donation recording

We do not provide individual donation data entry into your neither your donor CRM nor Quickbooks Online, nor do we prepare year-end donor acknowledgements.

Administrative tasks

We cannot provide administrative services unrelated to our bookkeeping function.

Attend board meetings

Due to the constraints of time and distance, we are unable to be present, physically nor virtually, at a meeting of a client’s board of directors.*May incur additional fee per 1099-NEC or 1099-MISC.

Let’s Collaborate & Make a Difference!

Partner with us to amplify your mission. Whether it’s Charity accounting, financial transparency, or strategic growth—we’re here to help you create meaningful impact. Let’s work together to build a better future!

Book a Call

Ready for better nonprofit reporting?

At Northfield & Associates, we have a team of professional bookkeepers and accountants to help your organization manage the books so that you can breeze through tax season.

GET IN TOUCH

What We Do!

We’re often asked by prospective clients what our Bookkeeping Service covers?  People want to know what specific tasks we do, and what their responsibility is.  This brief explainer page will answer that question.  This is by no means an exhaustive list, but covers the most frequently asked questions.

Getting Started

• Review your existing books for needed corrections or back-work
• Chart of accounts setup or amendment
• Assistance with setting up bank feeds
• Limited assistance* with setting up payroll (QBO or Gusto only)
• Your books brought current and reconciled if needed

Ongoing Monthly Bookkeeping

• After-the-fact transaction recording
• Post to general ledger
• Post to other ledgers (as needed)
• Bank account reconciliation
• Monthly financial statements
• Other bookkeeping services, as required
• Best-practice bookkeeping advice and counsel

Year End

• Assistance with 1099-NEC preparation*
• Assistance with 1099-MISC preparation*
• Year-end financial statements and period-end closing

What We Don’t Do

Pay bills

We do not offer bill-pay services at this time, nor do we manage Accounts Payable (AP) or Accounts Receivable (AR).

Payroll tax responsibility

Our bookkeepers can assist you in setting up your initial payroll service in QBO or Gusto. We are not responsible for entering payroll hours/salary, accruing payroll taxes, nor the transmittal of payroll taxes to the IRS or the state.  Your full-service payroll provider (QBO, Gusto, or whatever other service a client uses) will be the responsible party for payroll and payroll tax compliance.

*Payroll deductions and benefits

We provide assistance with setting up a payroll account in either Quickbooks Online or Gusto, including entry of employee data.  We do not assist in state registrations, benefits, or advise on deductions.  Those service areas are provided directly by either QBO or Gusto.

Preparation of W2s

Similar to the last item, your full-service payroll provider (QBO/Gusto) is responsible for preparation of Form W2 for employees.

Sales tax reporting

For those nonprofits that sell taxable goods and/or services, your bookkeeper will assist in accounting for sales taxes collected and transmitted, but we do not prepare state sales tax reports.

Donation recording

We do not provide individual donation data entry into your neither your donor CRM nor Quickbooks Online, nor do we prepare year-end donor acknowledgements.

Administrative tasks

We cannot provide administrative services unrelated to our bookkeeping function.

Attend board meetings

Due to the constraints of time and distance, we are unable to be present, physically nor virtually, at a meeting of a client’s board of directors.*May incur additional fee per 1099-NEC or 1099-MISC.

Let’s Collaborate & Make a Difference!

Partner with us to amplify your mission. Whether it’s Charity accounting, financial transparency, or strategic growth—we’re here to help you create meaningful impact. Let’s work together to build a better future!

Book a Call

Can a Canadian Charity Provide Benefits to its Directors?

In Canada, registered charities generally cannot pay directors just for holding board positions. However, they may compensate directors for specific goods, services, or facilities provided beyond governance duties.

This distinction between directorial roles and additional services creates opportunities for legitimate compensation. Charities must still comply with strict regulations.

Understanding these rules is crucial as charities seek qualified directors and manage complex operations. The legal framework varies by province and carries significant consequences for non-compliance.

Charity leaders must understand both the possibilities and the strict safeguards that govern director benefits.

Legal Framework Governing Director Benefits

The legal framework for director benefits in Canadian charities includes federal and provincial legislation. The Income Tax Act sets the foundation for registered charities, while provincial acts govern corporate structure and compensation rules.

Key Federal and Provincial Acts

The Canada Not-for-profit Corporations Act governs federally incorporated charities and sets basic rules for director compensation. This act allows reasonable compensation for services provided to the charity.

Each province has its own not-for-profit corporations act for provincially incorporated charities. In Ontario, the Charities Accounting Act provides specific rules for director payments.

This act requires strict procedures, including:

• Written board agreements before payment
• Board meetings with at least four uninvolved directors present
• Maximum 20% of voting directors can receive compensation
• Full financial disclosure in annual statements

Other provinces have similar but different requirements. Always check the specific provincial laws where the charity operates.

Corporate bylaws and governing documents must explicitly allow director compensation for any payments to be valid.

Income Tax Act Provisions

The Income Tax Act sets the federal tax framework for registered charities in Canada. Section 149.1 defines what qualifies as a registered charity and establishes basic operating rules.

Charities cannot provide undue benefits to any person, including directors, trustees, and connected persons. All transactions must serve the charity’s purposes.

Private benefit rules are strict. Any benefit to directors must be:

• Reasonable compensation for actual services
• In the charity’s best interest
• Properly documented and approved

The Act also requires charities to spend a minimum amount on charitable activities each year. Excessive director compensation could reduce these required expenditures.

Violations can result in penalties, suspension, or loss of charitable status. The CRA regularly audits charities for improper director benefits.

CRA Requirements for Registered Charities

The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) enforces charity law through detailed policies and regular audits. Charities must show that all director benefits serve legitimate charitable purposes.

Key CRA requirements include:

• Proper documentation of all director payments
• Market-rate compensation for services provided
• Board independence in approval decisions
• Annual reporting of director benefits

The CRA publishes guidance documents explaining acceptable practices. These documents help charities understand rules and avoid violations.

Audit procedures focus on director compensation. The CRA examines board meeting minutes, payment records, and supporting documentation.

Keep detailed records of all decisions and approvals. Non-compliance can trigger sanctions, penalties, compliance agreements, or loss of charitable status.

The CRA takes director benefit violations seriously because they undermine public trust in the charitable sector.

General Rule: Prohibition on Director Benefits

Canadian charity law restricts directors from receiving personal benefits from the organizations they govern. These rules protect charitable assets and ensure directors act in the charity’s best interests.

Duty to Act Without Personal Benefit

Directors of Canadian charities cannot receive compensation simply for holding their director positions. This rule applies across all provinces and territories.

The Canada Revenue Agency enforces this prohibition through federal tax policy. Provincial laws also support this restriction.

Directors must serve without expecting payment for governance duties. This includes attending board meetings, voting, and providing oversight.

Key prohibited benefits include:

• Director fees or stipends
• Payment for board meeting attendance
• Compensation for general governance activities
• Benefits tied to board positions

Charitable resources must go toward charitable purposes. Directors who seek personal gain create conflicts that harm the charity’s mission.

Fiduciary Duty Overview

Directors owe fiduciary duties to their charities under Canadian law. They must put the charity’s interests above their own personal interests.

Fiduciary duties require directors to act with loyalty, care, and good faith in all charity matters.

Core fiduciary principles include:

• Acting in the charity’s best interests
• Avoiding conflicts of interest
• Using charity resources properly
• Making informed decisions

When directors receive personal benefits, they violate these fiduciary duties. This creates legal risks for both the director and the charity.

Courts can hold directors personally liable for breaching fiduciary duties. The CRA can also revoke charitable registration for improper director benefits.

Restricted Use of Charity Property

Charity property must serve charitable purposes, not personal ones. Directors cannot use charity assets, funds, or resources for their own benefit.

The Income Tax Act prohibits organizations from making income available to directors. This rule also prevents indirect benefits through creative arrangements.

Restricted uses include:

• Personal loans from charity funds
• Free use of charity property
• Below-market transactions with directors
• Gifts or personal benefits from charity resources

Provincial charity laws reinforce these restrictions. Ontario’s Charities Accounting Act and similar laws create additional barriers to director benefits.

Violations can result in serious consequences. The CRA may revoke charitable registration, and directors may face personal liability for misused funds.

Permitted Benefits and Exceptions

While Canadian charities face restrictions on director compensation, specific exceptions allow for reasonable expenses, service compensation under strict conditions, and liability insurance coverage. These exceptions help charities operate effectively while maintaining transparency and accountability.

Reimbursement of Reasonable Expenses

Charities can reimburse directors for legitimate expenses incurred while carrying out their duties. This includes travel, accommodation, and meal expenses for charity business.

All reimbursements must be reasonable and directly related to charity activities. Proper documentation is essential for each expense claim.

Common reimbursable expenses include:

• Travel costs for board meetings or charity events
• Accommodation during overnight charity business
• Meal expenses while on charity duties
• Communication costs for charity-related calls or internet

The charity should establish a clear expense policy. This policy must outline what expenses qualify for reimbursement and require proper receipts.

Compensation for Services Rendered

Ontario charities can pay directors for specific services beyond their director role, under the Charities Accounting Act. This compensation must meet strict legal requirements.

Can a Canadian Charity Located in Ontario Pay its Directors?

In Canada, the compensation of directors in charitable organizations can be a complex matter governed by specific provincial regulations. Understanding these regulations is crucial for charities to ensure compliance while fairly remunerating directors for their services. This post highlights the conditions for charities located in Ontario specifically, and which are therefore subject to the Charities Accounting Act, with guidelines for compensating directors or persons connected to directors of registered charities.

‍Payment for Goods, Services, or Facilities: The payment must be for goods, services, or facilities provided by the director to the registered charity.

‍Reasonable Amount: The amount of the payment must be reasonable for the goods, services, or facilities provided.

‍Best Interest of the Charity: The payment for goods, services, or facilities must be in the best interest of the registered charity.

‍Financial Responsibility: Payments cannot result in the registered charity’s debts and liabilities exceeding the value of its charitable property.

‍Written Agreement: Before a payment is made, the board of directors must permit the payment via a written agreement that includes the maximum amount that can be paid.

‍Board Resolution: The board of directors must arrive at the written agreement through a resolution at a duly constituted board meeting, with at least four directors (not including those connected to the person providing the goods/services) present.

‍Exclusion of Involved Directors: Directors receiving payment and those connected to them may not attend or vote at the meeting where the resolution is made.

‍Limit on Payments: The total number of directors receiving payment under s. 2.1 of O Reg 4/01 of the Charities Accounting Act cannot exceed 20% of the number of voting directors.

‍Financial Disclosure: Details about the arrangement must be noted in the registered charity’s annual financial statements and presented to the members at the annual meeting.

‍Director’s Satisfaction: Each director must be satisfied that the payment is being made in accordance with s. 2.1 of O Reg 4/01 of the CAA. If a charity can fulfill these requirements, it can reasonably compensate its directors for services rendered to the organization. This framework ensures transparency, accountability, and adherence to legal standards in the management of charitable funds.

Director and Officer Liability Insurance

Charities can purchase liability insurance to protect directors from personal lawsuits. This insurance covers legal defence costs and potential damages from director decisions.

Liability insurance helps charities attract qualified directors. Many potential board members worry about personal financial risk.

The insurance typically covers:

• Legal defence costs for lawsuits
• Damages awarded against directors
• Employment practices claims
• Regulatory investigations

The insurance policy should include appropriate coverage limits. The policy must cover all directors and officers of the charity.

This benefit protects both the charity and its leadership. It allows directors to make decisions without fear of personal financial ruin.

Conflict of Interest and Compliance Safeguards

Canadian charities must have strong systems to identify and manage conflicts of interest when providing benefits to directors. These safeguards ensure compliance with the Charities Accounting Act and maintain public trust.

Identifying Conflicts of Interest

Directors face conflicts when their personal interests compete with their charity’s best interests. Conflicts arise when directors or their connected parties receive payments, goods, or services from the charity.

Common conflict situations include:

• Directors providing services to the charity for payment
• Family members of directors receiving employment or contracts
• Directors having financial interests in suppliers or vendors
• Board members voting on matters that benefit them personally

The appearance of conflict matters as much as actual conflicts. Directors must avoid situations that could appear improper to donors, regulators, or the public.

Clear policies should define what constitutes a conflict. These policies should cover direct and indirect benefits, including payments to spouses, children, or business partners of directors.

Managing Conflicts and Disclosure

Proper disclosure forms the foundation of conflict management. Directors must declare potential conflicts before board discussions begin.

Written disclosure of all relationships and interests that could create conflicts is required. Key disclosure requirements include:

• Written declaration of all potential conflicts
• Annual conflict of interest statements from all directors
• Immediate disclosure when new conflicts arise
• Documentation of all conflict management decisions

Conflicted directors cannot participate in related discussions or votes. They must leave the room during deliberations about matters affecting their interests.

Keep detailed records of all conflict situations and how they were managed. These records show commitment to proper governance and regulatory compliance.

Regulation and Court Approval Processes

The Charities Accounting Act requires specific procedures when paying directors. Written board resolutions must involve at least four non-conflicted directors, and no more than 20% of voting directors can receive payments.

Court approval may be necessary for some benefit arrangements. Seek legal advice for complex situations or when payments exceed routine service agreements.

Regulatory compliance steps:

• Document all decisions in board minutes
• Include benefit details in annual financial statements
• Report arrangements to members at annual meetings
• Ensure payments remain reasonable for services provided

File required reports with provincial and federal authorities. Trustees and directors share responsibility for meeting all disclosure requirements completely and on time.

Compensation Policies and Best Practices

Canadian charities must establish clear policies to ensure director compensation meets CRA requirements and serves the organization’s best interests. Proper assessment methods and transparent disclosure practices protect both the charity and its directors from regulatory violations.

Assessing Fair and Reasonable Compensation

We need to benchmark compensation against similar roles in comparable organizations.

The CRA requires that payments be reasonable for the services provided.

Key assessment factors include:

• Market rates for similar positions
• Director’s qualifications and experience
• Time commitment required
• Geographic location of the charity

We should document our decision-making process thoroughly.

This includes comparing salaries from other charities of similar size and mission.

The Income Tax Act requires compensation to be in the charity’s best interest.

We must show that paying the director benefits our organization more than hiring an outside contractor.

Board evaluation should consider:

• Whether the director has specialized skills
• If the role requires significant time beyond normal governance duties
• Whether the compensation helps retain valuable expertise

Public Disclosure and Accountability

We must include director compensation details in our annual financial statements.

This transparency helps maintain public trust and meets regulatory requirements.

The CRA expects charities to be open about how donation funds are used.

High director salaries can damage our reputation if not properly justified.

Disclosure requirements include:

• Total compensation amounts
• Number of directors receiving payment
• Description of services provided

We should prepare clear explanations for donors and the public about why compensation is necessary.

Our fiduciary duty requires us to use charitable funds responsibly while ensuring effective leadership.

Board minutes must document the approval process and reasoning behind compensation decisions.

This protects directors and demonstrates compliance with provincial regulations.

Risks, Penalties, and Consequences of Non-Compliance

If charities improperly provide benefits to directors, the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) can impose significant financial penalties.

The CRA can ultimately revoke charitable status, and directors may also face personal liability under the Income Tax Act.

Tax Penalties and Revocation of Status

The CRA treats improper benefits to directors as “undue benefits” under the Income Tax Act.

This triggers serious financial consequences for charities.

Financial penalties apply immediately.

The penalty equals 105% of the benefit amount.

For example, if we pay a director $10,000 inappropriately, we face a $10,500 penalty.

Repeat violations lead to harsher sanctions.

The CRA imposes more severe penalties for subsequent violations within five years.

This includes potential suspension of our ability to issue donation receipts.

Registration revocation is the ultimate penalty.

For serious non-compliance, the CRA can revoke our charitable status entirely. This means:

• Loss of tax-exempt status
• Inability to issue donation receipts
• Required dispersal of all assets
• Payment of revocation tax on remaining assets

The process escalates quickly.

The CRA may proceed directly to revocation for serious violations rather than imposing intermediate sanctions first.

Personal Liability for Directors

Directors face personal consequences beyond organizational penalties when charities provide improper benefits.

Directors can be personally liable for penalties.

Under the Income Tax Act, directors may be held responsible for the charity’s tax obligations and penalties when they knew or should have known about violations.

Culpable conduct increases exposure.

If directors show “wilful, reckless or wanton disregard of the law,” they face additional penalties.

This includes making false statements to maintain registration.

Joint liability applies in some cases.

When multiple parties participate in benefit schemes, directors can be jointly liable for the full penalty amount.

Due diligence provides some protection.

Directors who can prove they exercised reasonable care and took steps to prevent violations may avoid personal liability.

Special Considerations for Trustees and Restricted Funds

Trustees carry specific legal duties when managing charity assets, especially when handling restricted funds designated for particular purposes.

These responsibilities create additional compliance requirements beyond standard director compensation rules.

Duties of Charity Trustees

Trustees must maintain direct control over all charity funds and assets.

We cannot delegate this core responsibility to employees or outside consultants, though they may provide guidance.

Key trustee obligations include:

• Managing restricted and unrestricted funds according to donor intentions
• Ensuring all expenditures align with the charity’s stated purposes
• Maintaining proper oversight of financial decisions

When trustees receive compensation, we must be extra careful with restricted funds.

Money designated for specific purposes cannot pay trustee benefits unless the donor explicitly permits such use.

The trustee role carries fiduciary duties under provincial law.

We must act in the charity’s best interests at all times. This means avoiding conflicts between personal compensation and proper fund management.

Administration of Restricted Funds

Restricted funds create binding legal obligations for charities.

When we accept donations with specific conditions, the charity becomes a trustee subject to charitable trust law.

Common restricted fund types:

• Endowment funds
• Scholarship programs
• Building funds
• Equipment purchases

We cannot use restricted money for general operations or trustee compensation unless donors specifically allow it.

Breaking these restrictions risks penalties, lawsuits, or loss of charitable status.

Proper documentation is essential.

We must track restricted funds separately and report their use in annual statements.

Any trustee benefits paid from these funds requires clear donor authorization in writing.

The Canada Revenue Agency expects charities to honour all donor restrictions while furthering charitable purposes outlined in governing documents.

Conclusion

Canadian charities can provide benefits to directors, but strict legal requirements must be followed. The rules vary by province, with Ontario having specific conditions under the Charities Accounting Act. 

Payment must be for actual goods or services, the amount must be reasonable, a written board agreement is required, and a maximum of 20% of directors can receive payment. Financial disclosure in annual statements is also mandatory. 

Directors cannot simply be paid for holding their position, they must provide value beyond basic governance duties, and the charity’s best interests must always come first.

Navigating director compensation rules can be complex.

Contact Northfield & Associates for expert guidance on compliance requirements. Our team understands Canadian charity law and can help ensure your organisation follows proper procedures.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Canadian charity directors face specific rules about compensation and benefits.

These rules vary between provinces and depend on whether the organization is a registered charity or regular nonprofit.

Can charity board members be paid in Canada?

Registered charities generally cannot pay directors simply for holding board positions.

However, directors can receive compensation for specific services they provide beyond governance duties.

Provincial laws set the exact rules for when payment is allowed.

In Ontario, charities must follow strict requirements under the Charities Accounting Act.

Directors can be paid for goods, services, or facilities they provide to the charity.

The payment must be reasonable and in the charity’s best interest.

The charity needs a written agreement approved by the board.

At least four uninvolved directors must be present when voting on the compensation.

Can a charity have a director?

Yes, Canadian charities must have directors to govern the organization.

Directors are required by law to oversee the charity’s operations and ensure it meets its charitable purposes.

Directors have fiduciary duties to act in the charity’s best interest.

They must avoid conflicts between their personal interests and the charity’s needs.

The board of directors makes major decisions about the charity’s direction and policies.

They are responsible for financial oversight and legal compliance.

Can directors of a nonprofit be paid?

Nonprofit organizations that are not registered charities have more flexibility with director compensation.

These organizations can usually pay directors for their services without the same restrictions.

The key difference is between registered charities and regular nonprofits.

Registered charities face stricter rules about paying directors and trustees.

Regular nonprofit directors can often receive remuneration and benefits from their organization.

They do not face the same prohibition that applies to charity directors.

How many directors does a nonprofit need in Canada?

The number of required directors varies by province and the organization’s governing documents.

Most provinces require at least three directors for incorporation.

Some provinces allow as few as one director for certain types of nonprofits.

Others require a minimum of three directors at all times.

The organization’s bylaws often set specific requirements above the provincial minimum.

Many nonprofits choose to have five to nine directors for effective governance.

How much does a CEO of a non-profit make in Canada?

Nonprofit CEO salaries vary widely based on organization size, location, and sector.

Small nonprofits may pay $50,000 to $80,000 annually.

Medium-sized organizations often pay CEOs between $80,000 and $150,000 per year.

Large national charities may offer $150,000 to $300,000 or more.

Geographic location affects compensation levels significantly.

CEOs in Toronto and Vancouver typically earn more than those in smaller cities.

The organization’s revenue and complexity influence salary ranges.

Healthcare and education nonprofits often pay higher salaries than community organizations.

What policies should a Canadian charity implement to ensure transparency in director remuneration?

Charities should create clear written policies about director compensation before making any payments. These policies should explain when and how directors can receive benefits.

The board should disclose all compensation arrangements in annual financial statements. Members should review this information at the annual meeting.

Conflict of interest policies prevent directors from benefiting inappropriately from their positions. Directors need to declare potential conflicts and abstain from related votes.

Charities should review compensation regularly to ensure it remains reasonable. Independent evaluations help keep payment levels appropriate.

Charities should keep records such as board resolutions, written agreements, and maximum payment amounts. These documents show compliance with provincial regulations and support accountability.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

At Northfield & Associates our expert teams guidance on compliance requirements. Our team understands Canadian law and can help ensure your organization follows proper procedures.

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What We Do!

We’re often asked by prospective clients what our Bookkeeping service. People want to know what specific tasks we do, and what their responsibility is. This brief explainer page will answer that question. This is by no means an exhaustive list, but covers the most frequently asked questions.

Getting Started

• Review your existing books for needed corrections or back-work
• Chart of accounts setup or amendment
• Assistance with setting up bank feeds
• Limited assistance* with setting up payroll (QBO or Gusto only)
• Your books brought current and reconciled if needed

Ongoing Monthly Bookkeeping

• After-the-fact transaction recording
• Post to general ledger
• Post to other ledgers (as needed)
• Bank account reconciliation
• Monthly financial statements
• Other bookkeeping services, as required
• Best-practice bookkeeping advice and counsel

Year End

• Assistance with 1099-NEC preparation*
• Assistance with 1099-MISC preparation*
• Year-end financial statements and period-end closing

What We Don’t Do

Pay bills

We do not offer bill-pay services at this time, nor do we manage Accounts Payable (AP) or Accounts Receivable (AR).

Payroll tax responsibility

Our bookkeepers can assist you in setting up your initial payroll service in QBO or Gusto. We are not responsible for entering payroll hours/salary, accruing payroll taxes, nor the transmittal of payroll taxes to the IRS or the state.  Your full-service payroll provider (QBO, Gusto, or whatever other service a client uses) will be the responsible party for payroll and payroll tax compliance.

*Payroll deductions and benefits

We provide assistance with setting up a payroll account in either Quickbooks Online or Gusto, including entry of employee data.  We do not assist in state registrations, benefits, or advise on deductions.  Those service areas are provided directly by either QBO or Gusto.

Preparation of W2s

Similar to the last item, your full-service payroll provider (QBO/Gusto) is responsible for preparation of Form W2 for employees.

Sales tax reporting

For those nonprofits that sell taxable goods and/or services, your bookkeeper will assist in accounting for sales taxes collected and transmitted, but we do not prepare state sales tax reports.

Donation recording

We do not provide individual donation data entry into your neither your donor CRM nor Quickbooks Online, nor do we prepare year-end donor acknowledgements.

Administrative tasks

We cannot provide administrative services unrelated to our bookkeeping function.

Attend board meetings

Due to the constraints of time and distance, we are unable to be present, physically nor virtually, at a meeting of a client’s board of directors.*May incur additional fee per 1099-NEC or 1099-MISC.

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Whether you choose to meet in person at one of our offices or connect virtually, we provide flexible and accessible consultation options. During your session, we’ll assess your goals, review key documentation, and guide you through every stage of your FDI or trade mission engagement.

Let us help you take the next step with confidence supported by trusted legal and strategic counsel every step of the way.

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Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global consulting firm serving private enterprises, public institutions, not-for-profit organizations, and institutional capital providers. Operating across Cambodia, Canada, and global markets, the firm supports capital deployment, regulatory navigation, and enterprise decision-making in complex economic and geopolitical environments. Northfield & Associates delivers customized, execution-focused advisory solutions that drive measurable transformation, strengthen competitiveness, and enhance long-term highest value opportunities. The firm incorporates consulting, legal, regulatory, financial, and risk expertise to enable disciplined capital allocation, strong governance, and operational resilience. Northfield & Associates upholds a culture of applied insight and innovation, supporting clients across digital transformation, growth strategy, and organizational capability building. The firm advises individual, leading global corporations, midsize enterprises, government agencies, and mission-driven organizations through long-term partnerships. Enterprise-wide risk management, professional ethics, and fiduciary standards are embedded across all operations. Northfield & Associates’ diverse, globally unified teams are committed to execution certainty and sustainable, risk-adjusted returns aligned with ESG and stakeholder objectives.

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Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

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Public vs Private Foundation in Canada: Key Differences

When establishing a charitable organization in Canada, understanding the difference between a public foundation and a private foundation is crucial. Both must be set up as corporations or trusts and registered with the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) to obtain tax-exempt status. However, their governance, funding sources, and operational rules differ significantly.

What Is a Foundation?

A foundation is a type of charity that provides funding or services to support charitable causes. Foundations can either:

• Distribute funds to other charities (grant-making).
• Run their own charitable programs.

What Does a Foundation Do?

Foundations play a vital role in philanthropy by:

• Supporting other nonprofits through grants.
• Funding research, education, and social programs.
• Managing endowments to ensure long-term charitable impact.

Public Foundation vs. Private Foundation: Key Differences

Public Foundation

• Governance: More than 50% of the board members must be independent (at arm’s length).
• Funding: Receives donations from multiple sources; no single donor can contribute more than 50% of funding.
• Disbursement Requirements: Must allocate over 50% of annual funds to other qualified charities.

Private Foundation

• Governance: Typically controlled by a single family or small group; more than 50% of board members may be related or not at arm’s length.
• Funding: Can receive most (or all) of its funding from a single donor, family, or closely connected group.
• Flexibility: Can either fund other charities or run its own charitable programs.

Private Foundation Rules in Canada

If you’re considering setting up a private foundation, it’s important to understand the regulations:

• Must meet annual disbursement quota (currently 3.5% of investment assets).
• Subject to stricter compliance rules than public foundations.
• Donations receive tax benefits, making them attractive for high-net-worth individuals.

Which Is Better: A Donor-Advised Fund or a Private Foundation?

Many donors debate whether to use a donor-advised fund (DAF) or register a private foundation. Here’s a quick comparison:

‍

‍

A private foundation is ideal for those who want full control and long-term family involvement, while a donor-advised fund offers simplicity and lower costs.

What Is a Private Foundation for Tax Purposes?

For tax purposes, a private foundation is a registered charity with specific CRA rules:

• Tax receipts can be issued for donations.
• Subject to penalties if disbursement quotas are not met.
• Investment income is tax-exempt if used for charitable purposes.

When to Choose a Private Foundation in Canada

Private foundations work best in specific scenarios where donor control and family involvement are priorities.

Family Philanthropy Scenarios

Consider a private foundation when:

• Multiple family members want to engage in philanthropy together
• You want to create a vehicle for teaching philanthropic values across generations
• Family members have complementary charitable interests and approaches
• You seek to create a shared legacy reflecting family values
• You want to involve children and grandchildren in giving decisions
• The foundation can serve as a unifying force for family members

Many families find that private foundations strengthen family bonds while making a meaningful impact.

Long-term Giving Strategies

Private foundations excel for:

• Creating a permanent endowment to support causes indefinitely
• Implementing sophisticated, multi-year funding strategies
• Supporting causes that require patient, long-term funding
• Building expertise in specific charitable niches
• Developing deep relationships with grantee organizations
• Creating sustainable support for organizations beyond a donor’s lifetime

The ability to take a long view makes private foundations powerful vehicles for strategic philanthropy.

Legacy Planning Considerations

Choose a private foundation when legacy matters:

• You want to create a lasting philanthropic monument to family values
• You seek to establish a named foundation that will endure for generations
• You wish to institutionalize specific charitable priorities
• You want to influence certain fields or issues beyond your lifetime
• You aim to involve family members in philanthropy even after you’re gone
• You desire to leave a structured, managed charitable vehicle rather than a simple bequest

A private foundation can be a powerful legacy planning tool when properly structured.

Control and Succession Preferences

Private foundations are ideal when:

• Maintaining decision-making authority is a top priority
• You have strong convictions about how charitable dollars should be spent
• You want to handpick successors who will carry forward your vision
• You prefer a small, carefully selected board of directors
• You want final say over investment philosophy and grant recipients
• You wish to preserve founder intent through governing documents

If control matters greatly, a private foundation likely offers the best structure.

If you’re considering setting up a private foundation and want a clearer picture of the steps involved, check out this helpful video guide on how to start a private foundation in Canada.

When to Choose a Public Foundation in Canada

Public foundations shine in situations requiring community engagement, fundraising capacity, and collaborative approaches.

Community Impact Goals

Public foundations work best when:

• Your focus is on addressing broad community needs
• You want to tap into collective community knowledge
• You aim to bring diverse stakeholders together around common causes
• You seek to leverage other community resources and partnerships
• You want to respond nimbly to emerging community issues
• You value inclusive decision-making with community input

Community foundations exemplify this approach by pooling community resources to address local needs.

Fundraising-focused Missions

Choose a public foundation if:

• Ongoing fundraising will be central to your charitable model
• You plan to actively solicit donations from many unrelated donors
• You need to build a broad base of financial support
• You want to offer donor-advised funds or other giving vehicles
• You seek to attract corporate or government funding
• You aim to grow your charitable capital beyond the founder’s contribution

Public foundations can build substantial resources through effective fundraising strategies.

Collaborative Philanthropy Models

Public foundations excel for:

• Bringing multiple donors together around shared causes
• Creating collective impact through coordinated funding
• Building cross-sector partnerships with government and business
• Leveraging diverse expertise in grant-making decisions
• Addressing complex social issues requiring multiple stakeholders
• Sharing knowledge and resources across organizations

This collaborative approach can create impact beyond what any single donor could achieve.

Broader Governance Preferences

Public foundations are ideal when:

• You value diverse perspectives in charitable decision-making
• You want to engage community leaders in governance
• You prefer to separate personal relationships from foundation governance
• You benefit from specialized expertise beyond family members
• You value systems of checks and balances in charitable giving
• You see advantage in broader networks and connections

Diverse governance often leads to more robust decision-making and community connections.

Legal and Tax Implications of Each Foundation Structure

Both foundation types face specific legal and tax considerations that affect their operations.

Disbursement Quota Requirements

The disbursement quota creates different spending obligations:

• Private foundations must generally disburse 5% of their investment assets annually
• Public foundations must disburse at least 3.5% of their investment assets annually
• Failure to meet disbursement quotas can result in penalties or revocation
• Excess disbursements in one year can be carried forward to help meet future quotas
• Certain expenditures qualify toward the quota while others don’t
• Applications can be made for relief from the disbursement quota in exceptional circumstances

Plan your grant-making strategy with these requirements in mind. For more on charity registration, check out our Complete Guide to Canadian Charity Registration.

Investment Restrictions

Investment rules seek to ensure prudent management:

• All foundations must invest assets in a manner consistent with prudent investment standards
• Foundations cannot make investments primarily to benefit related parties
• Private foundations face more scrutiny on investment choices
• Public foundations have somewhat more flexibility but still face restrictions
• Significant penalties can apply for non-compliance with investment rules
• Professional investment management is advisable for both foundation types

Develop a clear investment policy that complies with applicable restrictions.

Related Party Transaction Rules

Rules governing transactions with related parties differ:

• Private foundations face stricter limitations on transactions with related parties
• Public foundations have more flexibility but still must ensure transactions benefit the charity
• Both must avoid conferring undue benefits on related individuals or organizations
• Documentation and fair market value assessments are crucial for any related party transactions
• Non-compliance can lead to serious penalties for both the foundation and the related parties
• Careful governance procedures should be established for any potential related party interactions

Robust policies and documentation are essential, especially for private foundations.

Director Liability Considerations

Directors of both foundation types face significant responsibilities:

• Directors have fiduciary duties to the foundation
• Personal liability can arise for certain compliance failures
• Private foundations directors often face higher scrutiny due to related party concerns
• Public foundations directors must oversee more complex fundraising and program operations
• Insurance and indemnification provisions are important for both
• Regular governance training helps directors understand their obligations

Ensure directors understand their legal duties and provide appropriate liability protection.

Converting Between Foundation Types in Canada

Sometimes, organizations need to change their foundation status as circumstances evolve.

Process for Changing Status

Conversion requires a formal process:

1. Board resolution approving the change
2. Amendment of governing documents to reflect new status requirements
3. Changes to board composition if needed (particularly for private to public conversion)
4. Submission of documentation to CRA requesting redesignation
5. CRA review and approval process
6. Implementation of new governance and operational procedures

This process typically takes several months and requires careful planning.

Potential Challenges and Considerations

Conversion brings several challenges:

• Private to public conversion requires diversifying the board and funding sources
• Public to private conversion may require consolidating control and addressing ongoing fundraising expectations
• Both directions require policy and procedure updates
• Stakeholder communication is essential, especially for public foundations
• Investment and grant-making strategies may need adjustment
• Organizational identity and culture shifts may be difficult

Careful change management helps navigate these challenges successfully.

Timeline and Costs

The conversion process involves:

• 3-6 months for typical conversions (sometimes longer)
• Legal fees for document amendments and CRA submissions
• Potential costs for board recruitment and training
• Communication expenses with stakeholders
• Possible consulting fees for restructuring assistance
• Ongoing compliance costs in the new structure

Budget appropriately for these expenses when planning a conversion.

Case Studies: Successful Canadian Foundations

Real-world examples illustrate effective foundation strategies.

Examples of Well-structured Private Foundations

Several private foundations demonstrate best practices:

• The Lucie and André Chagnon Foundation: Established by the founder of Vidéotron, this family foundation focuses on educational success and poverty prevention in Quebec, demonstrating effective governance while maintaining family control.
• The Sprott Foundation: Founded by resource investor Eric Sprott, this foundation maintains a focused approach to tackling homelessness and hunger in Canada through strategic partnerships with frontline organizations.
• The Azrieli Foundation: This family foundation excels at multi-generational involvement while supporting education, architectural initiatives, and scientific research in both Canada and Israel.

These foundations maintain strong family involvement while creating significant impact in their chosen fields.

Examples of Effective Public Foundations

Successful public foundations include:

• Vancouver Foundation: Canada’s largest community foundation effectively pools resources from thousands of donors to address local needs while offering donor-advised funds and specialized programs.
• The Mastercard Foundation: Though initially founded with corporate funding, this foundation has evolved into a public foundation with diverse governance and partners to advance education and financial inclusion globally.
• The Ontario Trillium Foundation: This public foundation effectively distributes government and lottery proceeds to strengthen community organizations across Ontario through collaborative grant-making processes.

These foundations demonstrate the power of collaborative approaches and diverse funding sources.

Lessons Learned from Each Model

Key lessons emerge from successful foundations:

• Clear mission focus correlates strongly with impact
• Strong governance structures prevent mission drift
• Professional management enhances effectiveness
• Transparent operations build public trust
• Deliberate succession planning ensures continuity
• Strategic collaboration amplifies impact
• Regular evaluation improves outcomes
• Attention to compliance prevents regulatory issues

Apply these lessons regardless of which foundation type you choose.

Need Help Setting Up a Foundation?

Whether you’re exploring a public foundation, a private foundation, or a donor-advised fund, our experienced Foundation Lawyers can guide you through the process.

At Northfield & Associates our expert teams guidance on compliance requirements. Our team understands Canadian charity law and can help ensure your organisation follows proper procedures.

Get professional support today to discuss your specific circumstances and receive expert assistance throughout the reinstatement process with our experienced legal team.

Schedule a FREE consultation

Let us help you establish your foundation on solid legal footing while maximizing tax benefits and philanthropic impact.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a public and private foundation in Canada?

A public foundation receives donations from multiple unrelated donors (no single donor over 50%) and must have more than 50% independent board members. A private foundation can be funded entirely by one donor or family, with more than 50% of board members being family or related parties. Private foundations face a 5% annual disbursement quota compared to 3.5% for public foundations and stricter CRA compliance rules.

How does the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) define public vs private foundations?

CRA classifies a foundation as “public” if more than 50% of its directors are at arm’s length from each other AND no more than 50% of its capital comes from one person or related group. If a foundation doesn’t meet both criteria, it’s designated as a private foundation. This classification determines disbursement quotas, related party transaction restrictions, and compliance requirements.

Which type of foundation is better for a family that wants control?

A private foundation is ideal for families seeking control. It allows more than 50% of board members to be family members, letting you maintain decision-making authority across generations. You choose which charities receive funding, set grant-making priorities, and pass control to chosen successors. The tradeoff is higher costs and stricter CRA compliance rules.

Which type of foundation is better for community-based fundraising?

Public foundations excel at community-based fundraising because independent governance builds donor trust. They can offer donor-advised funds, host events, launch capital campaigns, and attract government or corporate funding more easily. Community foundations demonstrate this by raising millions from thousands of donors, though this requires investment in fundraising staff and donor relations.

Do public and private foundations in Canada follow different operating rules?

Yes. Private foundations must disburse 5% of investment assets annually versus 3.5% for public foundations. Private foundations face stricter rules on related party transactions—they generally cannot pay family members or make investments benefiting relatives. Public foundations have more flexibility but must maintain independent boards and demonstrate diverse funding sources.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

At Northfield & Associates our expert teams guidance on compliance requirements. Our team understands Canadian law and can help ensure your organization follows proper procedures.

Get professional support today

Email info@northfield.biz

Phone (416) 317-6806

Visit us https://www.northfield.biz/

 Appointment Schedule your free consultation 

To discuss your specific circumstances and receive expert assistance throughout the reinstatement process with our experienced legal team.

READY FOR BETTER NONPROFIT REPORTING?

At Northfield & Associates, we have a team of professional bookkeepers and accountants to help your organization manage the books so that you can breeze through tax season.

GET IN TOUCH

What We Do!

We’re often asked by prospective clients what our Bookkeeping service. People want to know what specific tasks we do, and what their responsibility is. This brief explainer page will answer that question. This is by no means an exhaustive list, but covers the most frequently asked questions.

Getting Started

• Review your existing books for needed corrections or back-work
• Chart of accounts setup or amendment
• Assistance with setting up bank feeds
• Limited assistance* with setting up payroll (QBO or Gusto only)
• Your books brought current and reconciled if needed

Ongoing Monthly Bookkeeping

• After-the-fact transaction recording
• Post to general ledger
• Post to other ledgers (as needed)
• Bank account reconciliation
• Monthly financial statements
• Other bookkeeping services, as required
• Best-practice bookkeeping advice and counsel

Year End

• Assistance with 1099-NEC preparation*
• Assistance with 1099-MISC preparation*
• Year-end financial statements and period-end closing

What We Don’t Do

Pay bills

We do not offer bill-pay services at this time, nor do we manage Accounts Payable (AP) or Accounts Receivable (AR).

Payroll tax responsibility

Our bookkeepers can assist you in setting up your initial payroll service in QBO or Gusto. We are not responsible for entering payroll hours/salary, accruing payroll taxes, nor the transmittal of payroll taxes to the IRS or the state.  Your full-service payroll provider (QBO, Gusto, or whatever other service a client uses) will be the responsible party for payroll and payroll tax compliance.

*Payroll deductions and benefits

We provide assistance with setting up a payroll account in either Quickbooks Online or Gusto, including entry of employee data.  We do not assist in state registrations, benefits, or advise on deductions.  Those service areas are provided directly by either QBO or Gusto.

Preparation of W2s

Similar to the last item, your full-service payroll provider (QBO/Gusto) is responsible for preparation of Form W2 for employees.

Sales tax reporting

For those nonprofits that sell taxable goods and/or services, your bookkeeper will assist in accounting for sales taxes collected and transmitted, but we do not prepare state sales tax reports.

Donation recording

We do not provide individual donation data entry into your neither your donor CRM nor Quickbooks Online, nor do we prepare year-end donor acknowledgements.

Administrative tasks

We cannot provide administrative services unrelated to our bookkeeping function.

Attend board meetings

Due to the constraints of time and distance, we are unable to be present, physically nor virtually, at a meeting of a client’s board of directors.*May incur additional fee per 1099-NEC or 1099-MISC.

Let’s Collaborate & Make a Difference!

Partner with us to amplify your mission. Whether it’s Charity accounting, financial transparency, or strategic growth—we’re here to help you create meaningful impact. Let’s work together to build a better future!

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Contact us today to schedule your free consultation.

Working with Our Firm

In this evolving economic landscape, collaboration with our firm offers clients a strategic advantage. With Cambodia’s reform-driven investment environment and Canada’s expanding footprint in Southeast Asia, our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors provides tailored guidance to help businesses navigate cross-border opportunities. We focus in developing comprehensive legal strategies, structuring international partnerships, and ensuring compliance in emerging markets.

By leveraging our regional insight and international expertise, you benefit from a trusted partner dedicated to helping you capitalize on growth potential in Cambodia and beyond.

Book a Consultation with Northfield & Associates

Your Trusted Partner in International Bilateral Relations

At Northfield & Associates are focus in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade missions, and cross-border legal strategy. Our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors offers tailored guidance and strategic insight to help you navigate the complexities of international partnerships and development opportunities.

Whether you choose to meet in person at one of our offices or connect virtually, we provide flexible and accessible consultation options. During your session, we’ll assess your goals, review key documentation, and guide you through every stage of your FDI or trade mission engagement.

Let us help you take the next step with confidence supported by trusted legal and strategic counsel every step of the way.

Contact us today to schedule your free consultation.

Northfield & Associates

Advancing Global Partnerships, Together.

Take the First Step Today

If you believe you may be eligible for legal relief or simply need sound legal advice, we’re here to help. Contact us today to book your free consultation. Let us provide the clarity, strategy, and peace of mind you need to move forward.

We serve our clients in English, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Mandarin and Cantonese, especially in Asian clients.

• If you or anybody that you know, think that you meet the requirements and wish to receive further information.
• We can help you start the application process and confirm eligibility requirements to participate.
• We Offer Consultations & Meetings by Phone & Virtually. Affordable Fees.

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Northfield & Associates is a Canadian consulting firm based in Toronto, Canada. Northfield & Associates specializes in all types of immigration matters, from spousal sponsorships to refugee board appeals. With over eight (8) years of experience and an excellent success rate, Northfield & Associates is recognized as one of Canada’s premier immigration consulting firm.

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The purpose of the Free Assessment is to assess whether you are qualified to apply for permanent residence in Canada under the Family Sponsorship, Skilled Worker, or Business Class categories. Please choose which category you would like to be assessed under and complete all fields in the form. We will endeavor to complete your assessment and provide you with a reply within one business day. There is no charge for this service. All information provided will be kept strictly confidential. If our assessment indicates that you are qualified for immigration to Canada, we will contact you to provide further information about our services and fees. Start Your Immigration Application!

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About Northfield

Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global consulting firm serving private enterprises, public institutions, not-for-profit organizations, and institutional capital providers. Operating across Cambodia, Canada, and global markets, the firm supports capital deployment, regulatory navigation, and enterprise decision-making in complex economic and geopolitical environments. Northfield & Associates delivers customized, execution-focused advisory solutions that drive measurable transformation, strengthen competitiveness, and enhance long-term highest value opportunities. The firm incorporates consulting, legal, regulatory, financial, and risk expertise to enable disciplined capital allocation, strong governance, and operational resilience. Northfield & Associates upholds a culture of applied insight and innovation, supporting clients across digital transformation, growth strategy, and organizational capability building. The firm advises individual, leading global corporations, midsize enterprises, government agencies, and mission-driven organizations through long-term partnerships. Enterprise-wide risk management, professional ethics, and fiduciary standards are embedded across all operations. Northfield & Associates’ diverse, globally unified teams are committed to execution certainty and sustainable, risk-adjusted returns aligned with ESG and stakeholder objectives.

NORTHFIELD & ASSOCIATES in Canada

As a global consulting firm, Northfield & Associates helps clients with total transformation, driving complex change, enabling organizations to grow, and driving bottom-line impact.

 Learn about our offices in Canada, read our latest thought leadership, and connect with our team.

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Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains forward-looking information. All statements, other than statements of historic fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future constitute forward-looking information.

This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

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NOT LEGAL ADVICE. Information made available on this website in any form is for information purposes only. It is not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. You should not rely on, or take or fail to take any action based upon this information. Never disregard professional legal advice or delay in seeking legal advice because of something you have read on this website. Northfield & Associates professionals will be pleased to discuss resolutions to specific legal concerns you may have.

What Are the Financial Reporting Obligations for Nonprofit Corporations Under the ONCA?

Under the ONCA, nonprofits must prepare financial statements and may need to appoint an auditor or conduct a review engagement depending on their revenue and type.

Understanding the financial reporting obligations of not-for-profit corporations can be complex, especially with new regulations introduced by the Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act (ONCA). Let’s break down these obligations to make them clear and easy to understand.

What Is the ONCA?

The Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act (ONCA) is a set of laws in Ontario, Canada, that governs how not-for-profit corporations operate. It introduces several new rules and flexibilities regarding financial reporting.

Why Is Financial Reporting Important?

Financial reporting is crucial for transparency and accountability. It ensures that members and stakeholders know how the corporation’s money is being used. This builds trust and helps in making informed decisions.

Who Needs to Appoint an Auditor?

Under the ONCA, at each annual meeting, the members of a not-for-profit corporation must appoint an independent auditor. However, there are exceptions to this rule based on the type of corporation and its revenue.

What Is a Review Engagement?

A review engagement is a type of financial review that is less thorough than an audit but more extensive than no review at all. It is usually cheaper than an audit.

When Can a Corporation Waive an Audit?

Some corporations may not need a formal audit or even a review engagement. This depends on the corporation’s annual revenue and whether it is classified as a public benefit corporation or a non-public benefit corporation.

What Are the Different Types of Corporations Under the ONCA?

1. Public Benefit Corporations (PBCs): These are organizations that operate for the public good, such as charities.
2. Non-Public Benefit Corporations: These are not considered public benefit corporations and may have different financial reporting obligations.

How Does Revenue Affect Financial Review Requirements?

The amount of revenue a corporation earns each financial year determines the type of financial review it needs. Here’s a simple breakdown:

1. Public Benefit Corporations (PBCs)
   • Revenue of $100,000 or less: Can waive both an audit and a review engagement (needs approval).
   • Revenue more than $100,000 but less than $500,000: Must have a review engagement (can waive audit with approval).
   • Revenue of $500,000 or more: Must have an audit.
2. Non-Public Benefit Corporations
   • Revenue of $500,000 or less: Can waive both an audit and a review engagement (needs approval).
   • Revenue more than $500,000: Must have a review engagement (can waive audit with approval).

What Is an Extraordinary Resolution?

An extraordinary resolution is needed to waive an audit or both an audit and a review engagement. This requires approval from at least 80% of the votes cast at a special members’ meeting or if all voting members consent in writing.

What Are the Annual Financial Statement Requirements?

Members of the corporation are entitled to receive financial statements annually. These statements must be approved by the directors, and if there is an audit committee, they must review them first. After approval, the financial statements are presented to the members at the annual meeting.

The ONCA provides more flexibility for not-for-profit corporations regarding financial reporting. Understanding whether your corporation needs an audit, a review engagement, or can waive these requirements is crucial for compliance and effective financial management. By following these guidelines, not-for-profit corporations can ensure they meet their financial reporting obligations while maintaining transparency and accountability.

Understanding the ONCA and Not-for-Profit Corporations

The Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act (ONCA) sets rules for how not-for-profit corporations are structured and governed. It defines types of corporations and their roles, especially regarding financial reporting and accountability.

Understanding these distinctions is important for compliance and effective management.

Purpose of the Not-for-Profit Corporations Act

The ONCA replaced the earlier Corporations Act to modernize and clarify rules for not-for-profit corporations in Ontario. Its main goal is to improve transparency, accountability, and governance while giving corporations more flexibility.

The Act applies to most not-for-profit corporations incorporated under Ontario law. It helps organizations comply with financial and legal requirements and operate responsibly.

By setting clear rules about financial reporting and board responsibilities, the ONCA supports good management and public trust.

Types of Not-for-Profit Corporations

The ONCA distinguishes two main types of not-for-profit corporations:

• Public Benefit Corporations (PBCs)
• Non-Public Benefit Corporations

Public Benefit Corporations operate for the public good, like charities and organizations serving the community. Non-Public Benefit Corporations usually serve private or member-focused purposes and may have different reporting needs.

This distinction affects which financial rules apply. PBCs usually face stricter reporting requirements because they often receive donations or public funds.

Non-PBCs often have more lenient financial obligations, depending on their revenue.

Distinction Between Charitable and Non-Charitable Corporations

Under the ONCA, not-for-profit corporations can be either charitable or non-charitable. Charitable corporations are a subset of public benefit corporations.

Charitable corporations use their resources exclusively for charitable purposes, such as helping the poor, advancing education, or promoting health. Non-charitable corporations may serve a public benefit but do not qualify as charities.

They might focus on broader social causes without official charitable status. This difference affects their financial reporting.

Charitable corporations must follow both ONCA rules and additional regulations from the Canada Revenue Agency. Non-charitable corporations under ONCA may have simpler reporting but still need to maintain transparency with their members.

Key Financial Reporting Requirements Under the ONCA

Nonprofits must prepare, share, and keep financial information according to specific rules. These rules ensure accountability and help members understand the corporation’s financial health.

Proper handling of financial documents strengthens trust and compliance.

Preparation and Delivery of Financial Statements

Nonprofits must prepare financial statements for each fiscal year. These statements must show the financial position, including assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses.

The statements should follow recognized accounting standards. The board of directors must approve the financial statements before presenting them to members.

If there is an audit committee, it should review the statements first to ensure accuracy. Depending on revenue and type of corporation, an audit or a review engagement may be required.

Smaller organizations under certain thresholds can sometimes waive these requirements with member approval.

Distribution to Members and Annual Meeting

Nonprofits must provide financial statements to all members before the annual meeting. This allows members to review the financial status before discussing it at the meeting.

At the annual meeting, members vote on accepting the financial statements. If audits or review engagements are waived, this decision requires an extraordinary resolution with at least 80% member approval or unanimous written consent.

Access to Financial Records

Members have the right to access financial records. Nonprofits must keep these records organized and available during reasonable hours.

Access allows members to verify accuracy and ensures accountability. Governing documents may set rules about how and when this access is granted.

Nonprofits must also keep proper records to comply with ONCA and any funding agreements that require audited statements. This practice supports good governance and compliance.

Public Benefit Corporations: Criteria and Special Rules

Not all nonprofits are treated the same under the ONCA. Some have specific financial reporting rules because of their public roles or funding sources.

Understanding what makes an organization a public benefit corporation helps clarify the obligations it faces.

Defining Public Benefit Corporations

A public benefit corporation (PBC) is a specific type of nonprofit under the ONCA. To qualify, a corporation must be a charity or receive more than $10,000 annually from public sources like government grants or donations from outsiders.

This includes funding from the federal government, provincial authorities, or municipalities. PBCs serve the public good, focusing on charitable purposes such as alleviating poverty, advancing education, or supporting religion.

The ONCA separates PBCs from non-public benefit corporations, which do not meet these criteria and may have different rules.

Implications for Charities and Non-Charity Nonprofits

Charities automatically fall under the public benefit corporation category because their work benefits the public. They often have stricter financial reporting rules due to their charitable status.

Non-charity nonprofits can be considered PBCs if they get significant public funding or donations, even if they are not classified as charities. These organizations must follow similar reporting rules to charities because of their public funding.

Both charities and these funded nonprofits must follow stricter requirements under the ONCA to ensure proper use of public resources. Their revenue size affects whether they need audits or review engagements.

Distinction from Other Not-for-Profit Corporations

Not all nonprofits are public benefit corporations. Those that do not meet the charity definition or the public funding threshold are classified as non-public benefit corporations.

These have more flexible financial reporting requirements. Under ONCA, non-public benefit corporations with revenue below $500,000 can waive audits and reviews with membership approval.

This flexibility differs from PBCs, which have stricter rules based on smaller revenue limits. For PBCs, no more than one-third of directors can be employees, which helps keep control independent and maintains public trust.

These governance and financial rules mark a clear difference between PBCs and other nonprofits.

Audit and Review Engagements: When Are They Required?

Nonprofits need to know when audits and review engagements are necessary under the ONCA. The rules depend on revenue, type of corporation, and decisions made by members.

Specific voting requirements exist to waive certain reports.

Thresholds for Audits and Reviews

The need for an audit or review engagement depends on the nonprofit’s yearly revenue and whether it is a public benefit corporation.

• Public benefit corporations
  
  • Revenue over $500,000: Audit required.
  • Revenue between $100,000 and $500,000: Review engagement allowed.
  • Revenue below $100,000: Both audit and review engagement can be waived.
• Non-public benefit corporations
  
  • Revenue under $500,000: Both audit and review can be waived.

These thresholds guide when a full audit is mandatory or when a review engagement suffices. Funders may still require an audit regardless of ONCA rules.

Review Engagement Versus Audit

An audit is a detailed, independent check of a nonprofit’s financial records. It is thorough but more time-consuming and expensive.

A review engagement is less detailed and less costly. A certified public accountant performs it and provides limited assurance rather than full assurance.

Review engagements provide a middle ground for smaller nonprofits that want financial scrutiny but need to reduce costs. Both require an independent accountant and proper financial documentation.

Extraordinary and Ordinary Resolutions for Waivers

Nonprofits can waive audits or review engagements by passing specific member votes at meetings.

• Extraordinary resolutions require at least 80% approval by members voting.
• These resolutions are needed to waive audits or review engagements yearly and must be renewed at each annual meeting.

If members do not approve the waiver, the nonprofit must conduct the appropriate audit or review. An ordinary resolution, needing a simple majority, is not enough to waive these financial obligations.

Transitioning to ONCA: Compliance and Key Deadlines

Transitioning to the ONCA requires meeting deadlines and updating important documents. Keeping these timelines in mind helps avoid penalties and ensures smooth operation.

Transition Period and Timelines

The ONCA came into force on October 19, 2021. Not-for-profit corporations have a three-year transition period ending October 18, 2024.

During this time, organizations must review and adjust their governance to comply with the new rules. After the deadline, corporations that have not completed the transition may lose legal protections under the ONCA.

It is vital to complete all changes before the cutoff date. Organizations can check their progress using resources from ServiceOntario and Ontario government websites.

Timely action ensures compliance with ONCA standards and prevents disruption to operations or legal standing.

Updating By-Laws and Governing Documents

To comply with ONCA, organizations must revise their by-laws and other governing documents. These updates reflect changes in corporate powers, membership rules, and financial reporting obligations.

Draft, approve, and file amendments according to ONCA standards, usually with ServiceOntario. Updated by-laws should include provisions such as:

• Member rights and meeting rules
• Director roles and election processes
• Financial transparency requirements

These changes take effect once approved by members, typically by an extraordinary resolution or majority vote, depending on the amendment.

Consequences of Non-Compliance

Failing to transition before October 18, 2024, can lead to serious consequences. Non-compliant corporations might lose protection from certain legal liabilities and the ability to enforce contracts under ONCA.

Invalid governing documents can affect the ability to operate, raise funds, or enter agreements. Penalties or legal disputes could arise from outdated or missing filings.

The Ontario government may also impose fines or sanctions. To avoid these issues, organizations must act promptly, complete all required updates, and keep documentation current through ServiceOntario filings.

Oversight, Enforcement, and Special Cases

Directors and officers are responsible for overseeing financial reporting and ensuring compliance under the ONCA. Some exceptions exist, such as co-operative corporations and social clubs, and special government offices supervise certain nonprofits.

Role of Directors and Officers

Directors and officers must ensure that financial statements are prepared, approved, and presented to members annually. They must maintain accurate records and make sure the organization follows audit or review requirements based on revenue and corporation type.

They have a duty to act in the best interest of the corporation, being honest and careful when handling finances. If there is an audit committee, directors must ensure the committee reviews statements before approval.

Failure to meet these duties can result in legal consequences for directors and officers personally.

Exceptions: Co-Operative Corporations and Social Clubs

Not all organizations follow the same rules. Co-operative corporations and social clubs often have different financial reporting requirements.

Co-operatives are regulated by their own specific legislation. They may not need to follow all ONCA financial rules.

Social clubs are not-for-profits created mainly for members’ social interests. They may also have exemptions from certain requirements.

Usually, social clubs do not need strict audits or review engagements unless their revenue exceeds certain thresholds. They may also need to comply if they choose to become public benefit corporations.

Understanding these exceptions helps you avoid unnecessary steps.

Supervision by the Office of the Public Guardian and Trustee

The Office of the Public Guardian and Trustee (OPGT) oversees some nonprofits, especially public benefit corporations. This office ensures that charities and other public benefit organizations use funds properly and follow Ontario’s legal requirements.

The OPGT reviews financial reports and intervenes in cases of misconduct. The office can also take legal action if necessary.

They provide guidance and support to directors and officers about their duties. This supervision protects donors and the public by promoting transparency and accountability.

Conclusion

Clear financial reporting under the ONCA is important for nonprofit corporations. Knowing when to conduct audits, review engagements, or seek waivers keeps your organization compliant and trustworthy.

If you have questions or need guidance on your financial reporting, contact us at Northfield & Associates.

Schedule a FREE consultation to discuss your specific needs.

We are here to help you navigate ONCA requirements with confidence.

Frequently Asked Questions

It is important to understand the rules that govern nonprofit corporations under ONCA. This includes the legal framework, financial responsibilities, and the roles of directors and members in financial reporting and approval.

What is the ONCA law in Ontario?

The Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act (ONCA) is legislation that regulates how nonprofit corporations operate in Ontario.

It sets updated rules for governance, financial reporting, and transparency. These rules improve accountability within nonprofit organizations.

What are the new rules for nonprofit organizations in Ontario?

ONCA introduces clearer financial reporting requirements. Nonprofits can choose audits or financial reviews based on revenue levels.

Nonprofits must follow specific procedures for appointing auditors or waiving audits. Members must approve these changes.

What are the responsibilities of directors on a not-for-profit corporation in Ontario?

Directors must keep accurate financial records and prepare yearly financial statements. They also review and approve the financial statements before presenting them to members.

What financial reports must nonprofits prepare under the ONCA?

Nonprofits must prepare annual financial statements. These statements may need an audit or review, depending on revenue and type.

The financial statements must clearly show the corporation’s financial position. Members must have access to these statements.

Who is responsible for approving nonprofit financial statements?

The board of directors approves the financial statements after reviewing them. If there is an audit committee, it must review the statements before the board’s approval.

Are audits required for nonprofit corporations under the ONCA?

Public benefit corporations with revenues over $500,000 must have audits.

Nonprofits with lower revenues can choose a review engagement. Members can also approve an extraordinary resolution to waive both the audit and review.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

At Northfield & Associates our expert teams guidance on compliance requirements. Our team understands Canadian law and can help ensure your organization follows proper procedures.

Get professional support today

Email info@northfield.biz

Phone (416) 317-6806

Visit us https://www.northfield.biz/

Appointment Schedule your free consultation 

To discuss your specific circumstances and receive expert assistance throughout the reinstatement process with our experienced legal team.

READY FOR BETTER NONPROFIT REPORTING?

At Northfield & Associates, we have a team of professional bookkeepers and accountants to help your organization manage the books so that you can breeze through tax season.

GET IN TOUCH

What We Do!

We’re often asked by prospective clients what our Bookkeeping service. People want to know what specific tasks we do, and what their responsibility is. This brief explainer page will answer that question. This is by no means an exhaustive list, but covers the most frequently asked questions.

Getting Started

• Review your existing books for needed corrections or back-work
• Chart of accounts setup or amendment
• Assistance with setting up bank feeds
• Limited assistance* with setting up payroll (QBO or Gusto only)
• Your books brought current and reconciled if needed

Ongoing Monthly Bookkeeping

• After-the-fact transaction recording
• Post to general ledger
• Post to other ledgers (as needed)
• Bank account reconciliation
• Monthly financial statements
• Other bookkeeping services, as required
• Best-practice bookkeeping advice and counsel

Year End

• Assistance with 1099-NEC preparation*
• Assistance with 1099-MISC preparation*
• Year-end financial statements and period-end closing

What We Don’t Do

Pay bills

We do not offer bill-pay services at this time, nor do we manage Accounts Payable (AP) or Accounts Receivable (AR).

Payroll tax responsibility

Our bookkeepers can assist you in setting up your initial payroll service in QBO or Gusto. We are not responsible for entering payroll hours/salary, accruing payroll taxes, nor the transmittal of payroll taxes to the IRS or the state.  Your full-service payroll provider (QBO, Gusto, or whatever other service a client uses) will be the responsible party for payroll and payroll tax compliance.

*Payroll deductions and benefits

We provide assistance with setting up a payroll account in either Quickbooks Online or Gusto, including entry of employee data.  We do not assist in state registrations, benefits, or advise on deductions.  Those service areas are provided directly by either QBO or Gusto.

Preparation of W2s

Similar to the last item, your full-service payroll provider (QBO/Gusto) is responsible for preparation of Form W2 for employees.

Sales tax reporting

For those nonprofits that sell taxable goods and/or services, your bookkeeper will assist in accounting for sales taxes collected and transmitted, but we do not prepare state sales tax reports.

Donation recording

We do not provide individual donation data entry into your neither your donor CRM nor Quickbooks Online, nor do we prepare year-end donor acknowledgements.

Administrative tasks

We cannot provide administrative services unrelated to our bookkeeping function.

Attend board meetings

Due to the constraints of time and distance, we are unable to be present, physically nor virtually, at a meeting of a client’s board of directors.*May incur additional fee per 1099-NEC or 1099-MISC.

Let’s Collaborate & Make a Difference!

Partner with us to amplify your mission. Whether it’s Charity accounting, financial transparency, or strategic growth—we’re here to help you create meaningful impact. Let’s work together to build a better future!

Book a Call

Contact us today to schedule your free consultation.

Working with Our Firm

In this evolving economic landscape, collaboration with our firm offers clients a strategic advantage. With Cambodia’s reform-driven investment environment and Canada’s expanding footprint in Southeast Asia, our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors provides tailored guidance to help businesses navigate cross-border opportunities. We focus in developing comprehensive legal strategies, structuring international partnerships, and ensuring compliance in emerging markets.

By leveraging our regional insight and international expertise, you benefit from a trusted partner dedicated to helping you capitalize on growth potential in Cambodia and beyond.

Book a Consultation with Northfield & Associates

Your Trusted Partner in International Bilateral Relations

At Northfield & Associates are focus in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade missions, and cross-border legal strategy. Our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors offers tailored guidance and strategic insight to help you navigate the complexities of international partnerships and development opportunities.

Whether you choose to meet in person at one of our offices or connect virtually, we provide flexible and accessible consultation options. During your session, we’ll assess your goals, review key documentation, and guide you through every stage of your FDI or trade mission engagement.

Let us help you take the next step with confidence supported by trusted legal and strategic counsel every step of the way.

Contact us today to schedule your free consultation.

Northfield & Associates

Advancing Global Partnerships, Together.

Take the First Step Today

If you believe you may be eligible for legal relief or simply need sound legal advice, we’re here to help. Contact us today to book your free consultation. Let us provide the clarity, strategy, and peace of mind you need to move forward.

We serve our clients in English, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Mandarin and Cantonese, especially in Asian clients.

• If you or anybody that you know, think that you meet the requirements and wish to receive further information.
• We can help you start the application process and confirm eligibility requirements to participate.
• We Offer Consultations & Meetings by Phone & Virtually. Affordable Fees.

BOOK A CONSULTATION TODAY

Contact Northfield & Associates today to schedule a consultation with an experienced Consultant.

BOOK A CALL WITH A CONSULTATION

JOIN THE COMMUNITY OF NORTHFIELD & ASSOCIATES

Connect with peers and community ambassadors to hear real experiences, tips, and advice about studying abroad.

EXPLORE NORTHFIELD & ASSOCIATES COMMUNITY

CANADA IMMIGRATION CONSULTANTS

Northfield & Associates is a Canadian consulting firm based in Toronto, Canada. Northfield & Associates specializes in all types of immigration matters, from spousal sponsorships to refugee board appeals. With over eight (8) years of experience and an excellent success rate, Northfield & Associates is recognized as one of Canada’s premier immigration consulting firm.

HOW CAN WE HELP?

FREE IMMIGRATION ASSESSMENT

The purpose of the Free Assessment is to assess whether you are qualified to apply for permanent residence in Canada under the Family Sponsorship, Skilled Worker, or Business Class categories. Please choose which category you would like to be assessed under and complete all fields in the form. We will endeavor to complete your assessment and provide you with a reply within one business day. There is no charge for this service. All information provided will be kept strictly confidential. If our assessment indicates that you are qualified for immigration to Canada, we will contact you to provide further information about our services and fees. Start Your Immigration Application!

FREE ASSESSMENT FORM

How can we assist you today?

Unlocking the Potential of Those Who Advance the World

Learn more about our core areas of expertise

About Northfield

Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global consulting firm serving private enterprises, public institutions, not-for-profit organizations, and institutional capital providers. Operating across Cambodia, Canada, and global markets, the firm supports capital deployment, regulatory navigation, and enterprise decision-making in complex economic and geopolitical environments. Northfield & Associates delivers customized, execution-focused advisory solutions that drive measurable transformation, strengthen competitiveness, and enhance long-term highest value opportunities. The firm incorporates consulting, legal, regulatory, financial, and risk expertise to enable disciplined capital allocation, strong governance, and operational resilience. Northfield & Associates upholds a culture of applied insight and innovation, supporting clients across digital transformation, growth strategy, and organizational capability building. The firm advises individual, leading global corporations, midsize enterprises, government agencies, and mission-driven organizations through long-term partnerships. Enterprise-wide risk management, professional ethics, and fiduciary standards are embedded across all operations. Northfield & Associates’ diverse, globally unified teams are committed to execution certainty and sustainable, risk-adjusted returns aligned with ESG and stakeholder objectives.

NORTHFIELD & ASSOCIATES in Canada

As a global consulting firm, Northfield & Associates helps clients with total transformation, driving complex change, enabling organizations to grow, and driving bottom-line impact.

 Learn about our offices in Canada, read our latest thought leadership, and connect with our team.

Learn More

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains forward-looking information. All statements, other than statements of historic fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future constitute forward-looking information.

This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

Questions?

info@northfied.biz

Within Corporate Newsroom  

Media Contact:

media@northfied.biz

Press contact 

PR Secretary
press@northfied.biz

NOT LEGAL ADVICE. Information made available on this website in any form is for information purposes only. It is not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. You should not rely on, or take or fail to take any action based upon this information. Never disregard professional legal advice or delay in seeking legal advice because of something you have read on this website. Northfield & Associates professionals will be pleased to discuss resolutions to specific legal concerns you may have.

What Happens If You Don’t Comply With ONCA by October 18, 2024?

Are you involved with a nonprofit organization in Ontario? If so, you need to know about the Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act (ONCA) and its impact on your organization. Updating your nonprofit’s documents might seem like a daunting task, but it’s crucial for ensuring compliance and maintaining the effectiveness of your operations. Here’s why it’s so important and what you need to do.

What is ONCA?

The Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporations Act (ONCA) is a set of regulations that govern how nonprofits in Ontario are managed. ONCA came into effect on October 19, 2021, bringing with it new rules that all nonprofits must follow. This act aims to make nonprofit governance more transparent and consistent across the board.

Do Existing Nonprofits Need New Bylaws?

If your nonprofit was incorporated before ONCA was proclaimed on October 19, 2021, you’re not required to pass new bylaws immediately. However, it’s a very good idea to do so. Why? Because your current bylaws or articles might not comply with the new rules set by ONCA. You have until October 18, 2024, to review, update, and file your governing documents with the Ontario government.

What Happens If You Don’t Update?

Compliance Issues

Until October 18, 2024, the rules in your current articles and bylaws will continue to be valid, as long as they were valid before ONCA took effect. But after this date, any part of your bylaws that doesn’t comply with ONCA will become invalid and will automatically be replaced by the default rules in ONCA. This could create significant challenges for your organization.

Governance Confusion

Without updated bylaws, you’ll face the difficulty of determining which of your bylaws are still valid and which are not. This could lead to confusion and inefficiency in your governance processes, making it harder to make decisions and run your organization smoothly.

Impact on Charitable Status

For nonprofits that are also charities, failing to update and file your bylaws with the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) could have serious repercussions. Non-compliance might impact your charitable status, which could result in the loss of certain privileges, such as tax exemptions and the ability to issue tax receipts for donations.

Why Is It Important to Comply?

Legal Protection

Ensuring that your bylaws comply with ONCA provides legal protection for your organization. It helps you avoid potential legal disputes and penalties that could arise from non-compliance.

Operational Clarity

Updated bylaws that align with ONCA will provide clear guidelines for how your nonprofit should operate. This clarity is essential for effective governance and smooth operation, helping everyone involved understand their roles and responsibilities.

Enhanced Credibility

Being compliant with ONCA enhances your nonprofit’s credibility. It shows that your organization is committed to maintaining high standards of governance and transparency, which can be appealing to donors, members, and the public.

Future Readiness

By updating your documents now, you prepare your organization for the future. This proactive approach ensures that your nonprofit is ready to adapt to any further changes in the regulatory landscape without last-minute scrambles.

Steps to Update Your Nonprofit’s Documents

1. Review Current Bylaws: Start by thoroughly reviewing your existing bylaws and Letters Patent to identify any areas that may not comply with ONCA.
2. Understand ONCA Requirements: Familiarize yourself with the new rules and requirements under ONCA. You may want to consult with a legal expert who specializes in nonprofit law to ensure you fully understand what changes are needed.
3. Draft New Bylaws: Based on your review and understanding of ONCA, draft new bylaws that comply with the act. Make sure to involve your board of directors and key stakeholders in this process.
4. Get Approval: Once your new bylaws are drafted, present them to your board of directors for approval. This step may also require a vote by your members, depending on your current bylaws.
5. File with the Ontario Government: After approval, file your updated bylaws with the Ontario government before the October 18, 2024 deadline.
6. File with the CRA: If your nonprofit is also a charity, ensure that you file your updated bylaws with the Canada Revenue Agency Charities Directorate to maintain your charitable status.

Updating your nonprofit’s documents to comply with ONCA might seem like a lot of work, but it’s essential for ensuring your organization remains legally compliant, operationally effective, and credible. Don’t wait until the last minute. Start the process now to give your nonprofit the best chance for a smooth transition into the new regulatory framework. By doing so, you’ll be safeguarding your organization’s future and demonstrating your commitment to good governance.

Disclaimer: The information contained in this article is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal or other professional advice. Readers should seek tailored legal advice in relation to their personal circumstances.

At Northfield & Associates our expert teams guidance on compliance requirements. Our team understands Canadian law and can help ensure your organization follows proper procedures.

Get professional support today

Email info@northfield.biz

Phone (416) 317-6806

Visit us https://www.northfield.biz/

Appointment Schedule your free consultation 

To discuss your specific circumstances and receive expert assistance throughout the reinstatement process with our experienced legal team.

READY FOR BETTER NONPROFIT REPORTING?

At Northfield & Associates, we have a team of professional bookkeepers and accountants to help your organization manage the books so that you can breeze through tax season.

GET IN TOUCH

What We Do!

We’re often asked by prospective clients what our Bookkeeping service. People want to know what specific tasks we do, and what their responsibility is. This brief explainer page will answer that question. This is by no means an exhaustive list, but covers the most frequently asked questions.

Getting Started

• Review your existing books for needed corrections or back-work
• Chart of accounts setup or amendment
• Assistance with setting up bank feeds
• Limited assistance* with setting up payroll (QBO or Gusto only)
• Your books brought current and reconciled if needed

Ongoing Monthly Bookkeeping

• After-the-fact transaction recording
• Post to general ledger
• Post to other ledgers (as needed)
• Bank account reconciliation
• Monthly financial statements
• Other bookkeeping services, as required
• Best-practice bookkeeping advice and counsel

Year End

• Assistance with 1099-NEC preparation*
• Assistance with 1099-MISC preparation*
• Year-end financial statements and period-end closing

What We Don’t Do

Pay bills

We do not offer bill-pay services at this time, nor do we manage Accounts Payable (AP) or Accounts Receivable (AR).

Payroll tax responsibility

Our bookkeepers can assist you in setting up your initial payroll service in QBO or Gusto. We are not responsible for entering payroll hours/salary, accruing payroll taxes, nor the transmittal of payroll taxes to the IRS or the state.  Your full-service payroll provider (QBO, Gusto, or whatever other service a client uses) will be the responsible party for payroll and payroll tax compliance.

*Payroll deductions and benefits

We provide assistance with setting up a payroll account in either Quickbooks Online or Gusto, including entry of employee data.  We do not assist in state registrations, benefits, or advise on deductions.  Those service areas are provided directly by either QBO or Gusto.

Preparation of W2s

Similar to the last item, your full-service payroll provider (QBO/Gusto) is responsible for preparation of Form W2 for employees.

Sales tax reporting

For those nonprofits that sell taxable goods and/or services, your bookkeeper will assist in accounting for sales taxes collected and transmitted, but we do not prepare state sales tax reports.

Donation recording

We do not provide individual donation data entry into your neither your donor CRM nor Quickbooks Online, nor do we prepare year-end donor acknowledgements.

Administrative tasks

We cannot provide administrative services unrelated to our bookkeeping function.

Attend board meetings

Due to the constraints of time and distance, we are unable to be present, physically nor virtually, at a meeting of a client’s board of directors.*May incur additional fee per 1099-NEC or 1099-MISC.

Let’s Collaborate & Make a Difference!

Partner with us to amplify your mission. Whether it’s Charity accounting, financial transparency, or strategic growth—we’re here to help you create meaningful impact. Let’s work together to build a better future!

Book a Call

Contact us today to schedule your free consultation.

Working with Our Firm

In this evolving economic landscape, collaboration with our firm offers clients a strategic advantage. With Cambodia’s reform-driven investment environment and Canada’s expanding footprint in Southeast Asia, our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors provides tailored guidance to help businesses navigate cross-border opportunities. We focus in developing comprehensive legal strategies, structuring international partnerships, and ensuring compliance in emerging markets.

By leveraging our regional insight and international expertise, you benefit from a trusted partner dedicated to helping you capitalize on growth potential in Cambodia and beyond.

Book a Consultation with Northfield & Associates

Your Trusted Partner in International Bilateral Relations

At Northfield & Associates are focus in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), international trade missions, and cross-border legal strategy. Our team of experienced consultants and legal advisors offers tailored guidance and strategic insight to help you navigate the complexities of international partnerships and development opportunities.

Whether you choose to meet in person at one of our offices or connect virtually, we provide flexible and accessible consultation options. During your session, we’ll assess your goals, review key documentation, and guide you through every stage of your FDI or trade mission engagement.

Let us help you take the next step with confidence supported by trusted legal and strategic counsel every step of the way.

Contact us today to schedule your free consultation.

Northfield & Associates

Advancing Global Partnerships, Together.

Take the First Step Today

If you believe you may be eligible for legal relief or simply need sound legal advice, we’re here to help. Contact us today to book your free consultation. Let us provide the clarity, strategy, and peace of mind you need to move forward.

We serve our clients in English, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Mandarin and Cantonese, especially in Asian clients.

• If you or anybody that you know, think that you meet the requirements and wish to receive further information.
• We can help you start the application process and confirm eligibility requirements to participate.
• We Offer Consultations & Meetings by Phone & Virtually. Affordable Fees.

BOOK A CONSULTATION TODAY

Contact Northfield & Associates today to schedule a consultation with an experienced Consultant.

BOOK A CALL WITH A CONSULTATION

JOIN THE COMMUNITY OF NORTHFIELD & ASSOCIATES

Connect with peers and community ambassadors to hear real experiences, tips, and advice about studying abroad.

EXPLORE NORTHFIELD & ASSOCIATES COMMUNITY

CANADA IMMIGRATION CONSULTANTS

Northfield & Associates is a Canadian consulting firm based in Toronto, Canada. Northfield & Associates specializes in all types of immigration matters, from spousal sponsorships to refugee board appeals. With over eight (8) years of experience and an excellent success rate, Northfield & Associates is recognized as one of Canada’s premier immigration consulting firm.

HOW CAN WE HELP?

FREE IMMIGRATION ASSESSMENT

The purpose of the Free Assessment is to assess whether you are qualified to apply for permanent residence in Canada under the Family Sponsorship, Skilled Worker, or Business Class categories. Please choose which category you would like to be assessed under and complete all fields in the form. We will endeavor to complete your assessment and provide you with a reply within one business day. There is no charge for this service. All information provided will be kept strictly confidential. If our assessment indicates that you are qualified for immigration to Canada, we will contact you to provide further information about our services and fees. Start Your Immigration Application!

FREE ASSESSMENT FORM

How can we assist you today?

Unlocking the Potential of Those Who Advance the World

Learn more about our core areas of expertise

About Northfield

Northfield & Associates International Corporation is a global consulting firm serving private enterprises, public institutions, not-for-profit organizations, and institutional capital providers. Operating across Cambodia, Canada, and global markets, the firm supports capital deployment, regulatory navigation, and enterprise decision-making in complex economic and geopolitical environments. Northfield & Associates delivers customized, execution-focused advisory solutions that drive measurable transformation, strengthen competitiveness, and enhance long-term highest value opportunities. The firm incorporates consulting, legal, regulatory, financial, and risk expertise to enable disciplined capital allocation, strong governance, and operational resilience. Northfield & Associates upholds a culture of applied insight and innovation, supporting clients across digital transformation, growth strategy, and organizational capability building. The firm advises individual, leading global corporations, midsize enterprises, government agencies, and mission-driven organizations through long-term partnerships. Enterprise-wide risk management, professional ethics, and fiduciary standards are embedded across all operations. Northfield & Associates’ diverse, globally unified teams are committed to execution certainty and sustainable, risk-adjusted returns aligned with ESG and stakeholder objectives.

NORTHFIELD & ASSOCIATES in Canada

As a global consulting firm, Northfield & Associates helps clients with total transformation, driving complex change, enabling organizations to grow, and driving bottom-line impact.

 Learn about our offices in Canada, read our latest thought leadership, and connect with our team.

Learn More

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains forward-looking information. All statements, other than statements of historic fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future constitute forward-looking information.

This forward-looking information reflects the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company.

Forward-looking information is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking information, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things: the failure to finalize negotiations concerning the increase of the Loan or to close such transaction and the failure of the Company to complete the acquisition of the Company Facility; operating performance of facilities; environmental and safety risks; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain necessary permits and approvals from government authorities; unavailability of plant, equipment or labour; inability to retain key management and personnel; changes to regulations or policies affecting the Company’s activities; and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s amended annual information.

Forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking information are reasonable, forward-looking information is not a guarantee of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such information due to the inherent uncertainty therein.

Questions?

info@northfied.biz

Within Corporate Newsroom  

Media Contact:

media@northfied.biz

Press contact 

PR Secretary
press@northfied.biz

NOT LEGAL ADVICE. Information made available on this website in any form is for information purposes only. It is not, and should not be taken as, legal advice. You should not rely on, or take or fail to take any action based upon this information. Never disregard professional legal advice or delay in seeking legal advice because of something you have read on this website. Northfield & Associates professionals will be pleased to discuss resolutions to specific legal concerns you may have.